Effectiveness of a Creative Arts Summer Camp: Benefits of a Short-Term,Intensive Program on Children’s Social Behaviors and Relationships

This pilot study evaluated whether a creative arts therapy program delivered through a 2-week summer day camp benefited children’s support networks and improved their general wellness. Camp staff completed ratings on the behavior of 11 children. Eleven parents (10 mothers) completed ratings on their children’s behavior. Surveys were utilized; data were analyzed using Wilcoxon t tests. Results demonstrated that camp staff observed the most significant improvements in children’s behaviors and relationships. Results of this study indicate that a social skills therapy program delivered through a creative arts summer camp can be beneficial to young children. Furthermore, these results were found during an intense, yet brief, period of time.     

The Relation Between Children's Trust Beliefs and Theory of Mind Abilities

The study examined the relation between children's trust beliefs and Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities. A sample of 168 Italian children (M = 9 years–6 months, SD = 7 months) were administered the Italian Children's Generalized Trust Beliefs (ICGTB) Scale, two Second‐Order False Belief ToM measures, and an Advanced ToM measure. As expected, the ICGTB scale demonstrated: (1) validity by its three factor structure and (2) reliability by exhibiting acceptable internal consistency and test–retest stability. As expected, the children's emotional trust beliefs in others were associated with both second‐order false belief ToM ability and advanced ToM ability. These relations were not attributable to verbal ability. The findings are discussed with respect to the relations among children's emotional trust beliefs, personal disclosure, and quality of attachment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

儿童状态社会创造性的跨文化研究:基于中美文化的比较

从中国和美国中部地区选取小学儿童236人,采用状态社会创造性开放问卷和教师领导方式结构式问卷考察了儿童状态社会创造性的文化差异及其与教师领导方式的关系。结果表明:(1)总体上,美国儿童在社会性问题解决中表现出较强的流畅性和变通性等创造性思维品质,但中国儿童表现出较强的适当性、有效性和冒险性等社会适应和人格状态;(2)状态社会创造性总体上存在着国别与年级之间的交互作用,美国的四年级儿童状态社会创造性得分显著高于五年级儿童;(3)教师领导方式的各个维度均不存在显著的预测作用。中美儿童的状态社会创造性既有相似之处又有不同之处。     

Being engaged when resources are low: A multi-source study of selective optimization with compensation at work

This study examined self-regulation in the form of selective optimization with compensation (SOC) at work as a moderator of the relationships of job control (as a job resource) and feeling recovered and energized in the morning (as a personal energy resource) with self- and coworker-rated work engagement. SOC was hypothesized to offset low levels of job control and low levels of personal energy. Based on a sample of 405 public-service employees in Germany, including a multi-source subsample of 141 employees and their respective coworkers, the results showed that SOC use moderated the relationship between the level of personal energy and self-ratings as well as coworker ratings of work engagement such that SOC mitigated low levels of personal energy. SOC at work did not offset low job control. The results suggest that using SOC is particularly important when employees lack energy. SOC strategies should, therefore, be fostered by managers and organizations.     

药品带量采购的阻力、压力与垄断力问题探讨

带量采购是深化三医联动改革的重要尝试,药品集采作为医保改革的抓手试图撬动医疗及医药领域改革,为持续推进医疗卫生制度改革走向深入带来一线曙光。带量采购政策本质上涉及不同利益的再分配,藉由政府宏观调控及微观规制手段,最终实现药价降低、群众普惠的效果。基于对带量采购的理论分析及目前试点过程中存在的阻力、压力与垄断力问题,提出平衡理念为带量采购助推三医联动改革走向深远提供了一种思路。

     

儿童死亡教育绘本的内在逻辑探讨

围绕儿童死亡教育绘本的本然之性,即求真之认识生死规律、至善之明晰生命意义、尽美之珍爱生命健康,发现我国儿童死亡教育绘本受民族、文化、社会的诸多因素影响,其实然之境堪忧,包括“生”与“死”比例失衡、“质”与“量”难以保证、“支持系统”松散无序。针对存在的问题,提出可以采取同等看待生死价值、优质优量本土化开发与运用、构建家校社教育链条的应然之策,以推进儿童死亡教育绘本的可持续发展,最终帮助儿童悦享幸福人生。

     

Effects of signaled and unsignaled alternative reinforcement on persistence and relapse in children and pigeons

Three experiments explored the impact of different reinforcer rates for alternative behavior (DRA) on the suppression and post‐DRA relapse of target behavior, and the persistence of alternative behavior. All experiments arranged baseline, intervention with extinction of target behavior concurrently with DRA, and post‐treatment tests of resurgence or reinstatement, in two‐ or three‐component multiple schedules. Experiment 1, with pigeons, arranged high or low baseline reinforcer rates; both rich and lean DRA schedules reduced target behavior to low levels. When DRA was discontinued, the magnitude of relapse depended on both baseline reinforcer rate and the rate of DRA. Experiment 2, with children exhibiting problem behaviors, arranged an intermediate baseline reinforcer rate and rich or lean signaled DRA. During treatment, both rich and lean DRA rapidly reduced problem behavior to low levels, but post‐treatment relapse was generally greater in the DRA‐rich than the DRA‐lean component. Experiment 3, with pigeons, repeated the low‐baseline condition of Experiment 1 with signaled DRA as in Experiment 2. Target behavior decreased to intermediate levels in both DRA‐rich and DRA‐lean components. Relapse, when it occurred, was directly related to DRA reinforcer rate as in Experiment 2. The post‐treatment persistence of alternative behavior was greater in the DRA‐rich component in Experiment 1, whereas it was the same or greater in the signaled‐DRA‐lean component in Experiments 2 and 3. Thus, infrequent signaled DRA may be optimal for effective clinical treatment.