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531.
Rev John Hilary Martin OP 《新多明我会修道士》2009,90(1025):3-16
In response to the Wild-Anderson Report, Little Children are Sacred (June 2007) that outlined a pattern of widespread sexual abuse of small children and chronic alcoholism among aboriginals in the Australians' N.T. (Northern Territory), the federal government launched a major Intervention there sending in teams of doctors and health workers to examine all aboriginal children for abuse and special police and army units to stabilise the situation in remote communities. Moving beyond the recommendations contained in the Report the Howard government announced it would use compulsory acquisition powers and appoint administrators over aboriginal townships and centres (about 73 of them) for five years. These officials would be charged with building up local infrastructures and could assign individuals to work for their welfare payments at jobs assigned to them. More disturbing to aboriginal leaders and communities was a government plan to allow individual aboriginals to lease small plots of land on traditional community owned reserves for the purpose, it was said, of owning their home and/or to start a small business. Furthermore, traditional owners would be allowed to enter into long term leases (for 99 years) on their lands in order to attract outside investment and capitol. There was considerable fear among aboriginals that these unilateral moves by the government would undermine the basis of aboriginal culture and lead inevitably to the loss by aboriginal people of real control over their traditional land. 相似文献
532.
ERIC CAVALLERO 《Metaphilosophy》2009,40(1):42-64
Abstract: In this essay a set of principles is defended that yields a determinate allocation of sovereign competences across a global system of territorially nested jurisdictions. All local sovereign competences are constrained by a universal, justiciable human rights regime that also incorporates a conception of cross-border distributive justice and regulates the competence to control immigration for a given territory. Subject to human rights constraints, sovereign competences are allocated according to a conception of global democracy. The proposed allocation scheme can accommodate substantial local autonomy while at the same time ensuring that everyone has a voice in the political decisions that affect his or her interests. The relevant class of affected interests is fully specified. Relevant affects are of two kinds: those that impose norms of governance on individuals, and those that impose external costs on them. The favored sense of "an external cost" is developed and defended. 相似文献
533.
Simon Larose Diane Cyrenne Marylou Harvey Claire Deschênes 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2009,74(1):108-116
In this study, we examined the role of personal and social support factors involved in students’ decision to participate in formal academic mentoring. Three hundred and eighteen students completing Grade 11 and planning to study sciences in college filled out a questionnaire and were then asked to participate in an academic mentoring program during their first year of college. A total of 150 students agreed to take part in this program (volunteers) and 168 declined the offer (non-volunteers). The overall findings support the hypothesis that academic mentoring is more attractive for some students than others depending on their personality, help-seeking attitudes, academic dispositions, perceived support from friends, and support available during the transition to college. These findings were discussed in light of the different mechanisms proposed by mentoring and social support literatures. 相似文献
534.
Lisa N. Foster Katherine R. Krohn Daniel F. McCleary Kathleen B. Aspiranti Meagan L. Nalls Colin C. Quillivan Cora M. Taylor Robert L. Williams 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(2):173-188
Students in six sections of a large undergraduate class were asked to record their class comments on notecards in all course
units. Additionally, in some units, they received points toward their course grade based on their reported comments in class
discussion. The study was conducted over a two-semester period, with slight variation in both the recording and crediting
procedures across the two semesters. The primary goal of the study was to determine the effects of two credit and self-recording
arrangements on initially low-responding students’ subsequent participation in class discussion (first semester n = 49, second semester n = 45). A higher percentage of low-responding students reported participating in class discussion when credit was given for
participation than when no credit was awarded. Nonetheless, 39% of the initially low-responding students the first semester
and 38% of the initially low-responding students the second semester did not participate in class discussion in any phase
of the study. 相似文献
535.
Private Interests Count Too 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mark S. Frankel 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(3):367-373
Along with concerns about the deleterious effects of politically driven government intervention on science are the intrusion
of private sector interests into the conduct of research and the reporting of its results. Scientists are generally unprepared
for the challenges posed by private interests seeking to advance their economic, political, or ideological agendas. They must
educate and prepare themselves for assaults on scientific freedom, not because it is a legal right, but rather because social
progress depends on it.
相似文献
Mark S. FrankelEmail: |
536.
Simon Derpmann 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(3):303-315
The review article examines the relation of solidarity and cosmopolitanism in contemporary political, philosophical and sociological
debates. In some contexts, solidarity and cosmopolitanism are closely related, in others they are understood to be incompatible.
The main body of the report is divided into three parts displaying a tentative classification of the reviewed literature on
the subject. The first part serves to outline a general account of solidarity, the communal obligations that follow from it,
and its opposition to the moral arguments grounding cosmopolitan obligations. The second part deals with the actual development
and realization of solidarity and cosmopolitanism, as well as the tension between both within the European Union. The third
part considers some arguments for the extension of solidarity relations beyond state or nation towards cosmopolitan affiliations,
obligations and institutions. Finally, a reading of solidarity and cosmopolitanism is offered in which both are compatible
with each other.
相似文献
Simon DerpmannEmail: |
537.
E. Christian Brugger 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):105-129
This essay has two purposes. The first is to argue that our moral duties towards human embryos should be assessed in light of the Golden Rule by asking the normative question, “how would I want to be treated if I were an embryo?” Some reject the proposition “I was an embryo” on the basis that embryos should not be recognized as persons. This essay replies to five common arguments denying the personhood of human embryos: (1) that early human embryos lack ontological individuation; (2) that they are members of the species Homo sapiens but not yet human persons; (3) that the argument for personhood commits the “heap argument” fallacy; (4) that since human procreation in nature is inefficient, human embryos cannot be persons; and (5) the “burning building” scenario proves that all arguments for personhood are irrational or inconsistent. The second purpose is to set forth and criticize in light of the normative judgement defended in part one the present legal situation of cryo-preserved embryos in the U.S. The essay ends by proposing legislative reforms to protect ex utero human embryos. 相似文献
538.
梁涛 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(2):180-197
This article analyses the tradition of “articulating xing in terms of sheng” and related other expressions, and also examines the debate between Mencius and Gaozi concerning “xing is known by sheng.” It claims that while Mencius’ “human nature is good” discourse is influenced by the interpretive tradition of “articulating
xing in terms of sheng”, Mencius also transcends and develops this tradition. Therefore it is only when Mencius’ views about the goodness of human
nature are understood in the context of this interpretive tradition that his ideas can be fully understood. Utilizing this
framework, the Confucian understanding of rights is then explored.
Translated by Andrew Lambert from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2007, (7): 36–42 相似文献
539.
甘绍平 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):370-384
The concept of human dignity and the relationship between dignity and human rights have been important subjects in contemporary
international academia. This article first analyzes the different understandings of the concept of dignity, which has left
great influences in history (including the “theory of attribution-dignity”, the “theory of autonomy-dignity” or the “theory
of moral completeness/achievement-dignity”, and the “theory of end-in-itself-dignity”); it then exposes the obvious defects
of these modes of understanding; finally, it tries to define dignity as a moral right to be free from insult. Meanwhile, the
relationship between human dignity and human rights is clarified as a result of this research: Rather than being the foundation
of human rights, human dignity is one of human rights. The idea of dignity nevertheless has a particular status in ethics
in that it embodies a kind of core moral concern, representing a basic demand rooted in the human self or individuality, and
hence representing an important aspect of human rights. We may anticipate that sooner or later, the idea of human dignity
will become, together with other human rights, the only intangible cultural heritage of human society.
__________
Translated by Zhang Lin from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (6): 85–92 相似文献
540.
In order to explore public views on nanobiotechnology (NBT), convergence seminars were held in four places in Europe; namely
in Visby (Sweden), Sheffield (UK), Lublin (Poland), and Porto (Portugal). A convergence seminar is a new form of public participatory
activity that can be used to deal systematically with the uncertainty associated for instance with the development of an emerging
technology like nanobiotechnology. In its first phase, the participants are divided into three “scenario groups” that discuss
different future scenarios. In the second phase, the participants are regrouped into three “convergence groups”, each of which
contains representatives from each of the three groups from the first phase. In the final third phase, all participants meet
for a summary discussion. This pilot project had two aims: (1) to develop and assess the new methodology and (2) to gather
advice and recommendations from the public that may be useful for future decisions on nanobiotechnology (NBT). Participants
emphasized that they wanted the technology to focus on solutions to environmental and medical problems and to meet the needs
of developing countries. The need for further public participation and deliberation on NBT issues seemed to be acknowledged
by all participants. Many of them also raised equality concerns. Views on the means by which NBT should be steered into socially
useful directions were more divided. In particular, different views were expressed on how much regulation of company activities
is needed to curb unwanted developments. The participants’ responses in a questionnaire indicate that the methodology of the
convergence seminars was successful for decision-making under uncertainty. In particular, the participants stated that their
advice was influenced both by access to different possible future developments and by the points of view of their co-participants,
which is what the method is specifically intended to achieve.
相似文献
Sven Ove HanssonEmail: |