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51.
jimi adams David R. Schaefer Andrea Vest Ettekal 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2020,59(1):39-61
This research addresses the intersection of two key domains of adolescents’ lives: religion and peer networks. Religion scholars argue that religion is multi-faceted and better understood by focusing on combinations of indicators (i.e., mosaics), versus a variable-centered approach. We adopt this framework and investigate the interplay between religion and peer networks, both in how religious mosaics are shaped by friends and how religious profiles affect friend selection dynamics. With data from two schools in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate religious mosaics using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify profiles consisting of combinations of commonly available survey-based measures of religious attitudes, behaviors, and identities. Finding evidence of theoretically expected profiles, we then use stochastic actor–based models (SABMs) to investigate network dynamics for these LCA-based religious profiles. We demonstrate how the profile data can be integrated within the SABM framework to evaluate processes of friend selection and influence. Results show evidence of adolescents influencing one another's religious mosaics, but not selecting friends on that basis. 相似文献
52.
The prevention of harm to battered mothers and children during custody and divorce litigation requires a trauma‐informed judicial approach. The existence of competing definitions of domestic violence, gender‐biased theories of parental alienation, and requirements that battered mothers co‐parent have undermined legislation intended to protect victims of domestic violence and their children. An informed judicial response to domestic violence requires mental health professionals who are able to identify the multiple patterns of abuse including physical, emotional, economic, and sexual coercively controlling behaviors, as well as the risks of post‐separation violence. The family courts' lack of transparency and limited public access has further contributed to its reliance on empirically weak gender‐biased parental alienation theories. Mental health professionals who provide interdisciplinary support to these courts must have graduate clinical education in domestic violence, child maltreatment, development, and trauma. Additional systemic changes should include neutral court watch observers to promote accountability and transparency, as well as appropriate services, to these vulnerable families. 相似文献
53.
Evan Stark 《International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies》2020,17(3):262-276
Drawing on a model developed by the author, coercive control was adapted in 2012 as the framework for a new “cross governmental” response in the health and social services to woman and child abuse in Great Britain, including changes in the criminal laws. I illustrate the forensic utility of the coercive control framework by applying it to explore the circumstances leading up to the murder of 4‐year old, Daniel Pelka (DP), in Coventry, England in 2009 and to critique the response by the various service providers to the family and the Crown's decision to try Daniel's mother, Magdalena Lucek, for the murder. Had the new approach been in place when the Lucek case came to public attention, the coercive control could have been recognized and effectively addressed. 相似文献
54.
Kirby Hockensmith;Jennifer M. Ragsdale;Rose Fonseca; 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2024,97(3):1129-1147
Examining the implications of excessive work demands on employee well-being is an important research area of occupational health psychology. Recovery during nonwork time has been emphasized as an important process for mitigating the negative implications of excessive work demands. However, this notion ignores the potential for nonwork activities to be comparably demanding to work activities. There has been a lack of attention paid to the potentially complex interrelationships between work and nonwork demands. Using the effort–recovery and challenge–hindrance stressor models, we developed a set of hypotheses for both the positive and negative implications of the interplay between employee work and nonwork cognitive demands. We collected information on cognitive workweek job demands (Friday) and nonwork cognitive weekend demands (Sunday) from a sample of workers (N = 146), and we used polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine how different aspects of work–nonwork cognitive demand (in)congruence related to Monday work engagement. In general, higher cognitive workweek job demands promoted work engagement, even when nonwork cognitive demands were equally high. Cognitive demand incongruence that favoured higher cognitive work demands was also beneficial for employee work engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with directions for future research in this area. 相似文献
55.
Susanne Scheibe;Lena Retzlaff;Sabine Hommelhoff;Antje Schmitt; 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2024,97(4):1330-1352
The rise of home-based teleworking and the ageing of the workforce constitute two major trends impacting the future of work. Managing these trends well requires a good understanding of how worker age and telework intersect and which mechanisms link age and telework outcomes. We integrated perspectives of boundary theory and the lifespan model of selection, optimization, and compensation and investigated in two studies the relationship between employee age and two telework outcomes (work–life balance and unfinished tasks) as mediated by boundary management tactics aimed at segmenting work and nonwork roles. Across Study 1 (a two-wave study with 172 teleworkers) and Study 2 (a three-wave study with 282 teleworkers), we found positive associations between age and use of segmenting boundary management tactics during telework. We further identified indirect effects of age on higher productivity in terms of fewer unfinished tasks (both studies) and better work–life balance (Study 2) through boundary management tactics use. Robustness checks indicated that age effects remain significant after controlling for a number of demographic characteristics, work and home demands, motivational factors, and self-regulatory skills. Findings suggest that older workers effectively navigate the blurred work-nonwork boundaries in home-based telework using self-regulatory behaviour that supports positive telework outcomes. 相似文献
56.
Thirty preschoolers rated as hard to manage on Goodman's (R. Goodman, 1997) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and a group of matched control children were observed and recorded on audiotape at home, interacting with their mothers (Time 1). At the 18-month follow-up home visits (Time 2), the children and mothers were filmed across 4 observation settings. Mother–child interactions were rated on affect, control, responsiveness and connectedness of communication. At Time 1, mothers of the hard to manage group used more negative control and engaged in fewer connected conversations than did mothers in the control group. At Time 2, mothers of the hard to manage group displayed higher levels of negative control and lower levels of positive control. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of examining connected communication and different observation contexts when examining dyadic mother–child interactions. 相似文献
57.
Fox K 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2002,23(6):471-497
A wide variety of forms of domination hasresulted in a highly heterogeneous health riskcategory, ``the vulnerable.' The study of healthinequities sheds light on forces thatgenerate, sustain, and alter vulnerabilities toillness, injury, suffering and death. Thispaper analyzes the case of a high-risk teenfrom a Boston ghetto that illuminatesintersections between ``race' and class in theconstruction of vulnerability in the US.Exploration of his ``wounds' helps specify howlarge-scale social and cultural forces becomeembodied as individual experience of disparatehealth risk. The case demonstrates that healthinequities would not occur if resources –employment, income, wealth, education, housing,profiling in the legal system, and health care– were more justly managed in keeping withstandards outlined in the Universal Declarationof Human Rights. Professional responses to the``wounds of vulnerability' may reveal importantaspects of who we are and what our work asscholars, practitioners, and advocates mustbecome. 相似文献
58.
Robert?F.?BornsteinEmail author 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(2):67-76
Meta-analysis of studies assessing interpersonal dependency in child abuse perpetrators (N of studies = 7) and victims (N of studies = 9) indicated that perpetrators have higher dependency levels than nonabusing controls (d = 0.43), and child abuse victims have higher dependency levels in early adulthood than people who were not abused as children (d = 0.47). An array of other personality traits and disorders showed comparable associations with abuse suggesting that in both populations increased dependency reflects a generalized increase in pathology and distress. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and suggestions for future research on dependency and abuse are offered. 相似文献
59.
Dadds MR Whiting C Bunn P Fraser JA Charlson JH Pirola-Merlo A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2004,32(3):321-334
Cruelty to animals may be a particularly pernicious aspect of problematic child development. Progress in understanding the development of the problem is limited due to the complex nature of cruelty as a construct, and limitations with current assessment measures. The Children and Animals Inventory (CAI) was developed as a brief self- and parent-report measure of F. R. Ascione's (1993) 9 parameters of cruelty. The CAI emerged as a reliable, stable, and readily utilized measure of cruelty using parent and child reports. Children (especially the older children) reported higher rates of cruelty than their parents and boys reported more cruelty than girls. Self- and parent-reports showed good convergence with independent observations of cruelty versus nurturance during free interactions with domestic animals. The results indicate that cruelty to animals can be reliably measured using brief child and parent report measures. 相似文献
60.
Throughout the U.S., state laws require professionals who work with children to report cases of suspected child abuse to child protection services. Both practically and conceptually, however, significant problems arise from a lack of clarity regarding the threshold that has been set for reporting. Specifically, there is no consensus as to what constitutes reasonable suspicion, and little direction for how mandated reporters should gauge their legal and professional responsibilities when they harbor suspicion. In this paper we outline the context of the problem, discuss the nature and scope of its conceptual underpinnings, and offer recommendations for moving towards a concrete, practical solution. 相似文献