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881.
Tracy A. Dennis 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(3):200-207
Affective style reflecting approach and inhibition is thought to be associated in distinct ways with anxious versus depressed
mood; relatively few studies, however, consider how the interaction between affective style and the strategies individuals
use to regulate mood and emotion might influence these associations. Sixty-seven non-disordered adults self-reported on their
use of two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), behavioral approach (BAS) and
behavioral inhibition sensitivity (BIS) dimensions of affective style, and anxious and depressed mood (trait anxiety and symptoms
of depression). Trait anxiety versus depressed mood was associated with unique interactive patterns of emotion regulation
and affective style: enhanced use of reappraisal was linked to less depressed mood in those reporting low BAS, whereas high
suppression was linked to greater trait anxiety in those reporting low BIS. The implications of findings for typical emotional
processes and for clinical disorders and interventions are discussed. 相似文献
882.
Francis Neely 《Political psychology》2007,28(6):667-688
While testing an affective measure of party identification Burden and Klofstad (2005 ) found that using the phrase, "feel that you are," in place of, "think of yourself as," significantly shifted PID in a Republican direction. I adopt the theoretical framework of Affective Intelligence ( Marcus, Neuman, & MacKuen, 2000 ) to specify how the timing of their question-wording experiment may have influenced the results. I suggest that the outcome was a function of (a) anxiety present during the survey, which ran just after 9/11 of 2001, coupled with (b) a political environment that favored Republicans. In a 2005 survey I replicate the experiment and collect new measures with which to test expectations. I find no significant shift in PID, and provisional support for the Affective Intelligence explanation. The results validate Burden and Klofstad's measure, qualify their findings, and test the application of the theory of Affective Intelligence to party dispositions. Alternative explanations and directions for further research are discussed. 相似文献
883.
Effects of Dangerous and Competitive Worldviews on Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation over a Five-Month Period 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The cross-lagged effects of dangerous and competitive social worldviews on Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) were examined over a five-month period ( N = 165). Analyses indicated that the motivational goal for group-based dominance and superiority indexed by SDO changed as a function of the degree to which the social world was perceived as a competitive place characterized by inequality and resource scarcity. The motivational goal for ingroup conformity and collective security indexed by RWA, in contrast, changed as a function of the degree to which the social world was perceived as a dangerous and threatening place prone to high levels of crime and immoral behavior. These findings are consistent with the causal pathways between social worldviews and ideological attitudes predicted by Duckitt's (2001 ) model of the dual motivational and cognitive processes underlying prejudice. An unexpected reciprocal effect in which RWA predicted longitudinal change in dangerous worldview was also identified, suggesting that the relationship between these two constructs may be more complex than previously hypothesized. 相似文献
884.
焦虑和抑郁动物模型的研究方法和策略 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
焦虑和抑郁障碍是严重威胁人们健康的精神疾病。焦虑和抑郁动物模型是通过一定的心理社会应激使动物产生明显的焦虑和抑郁情绪,模拟人类焦虑和抑郁障碍,以探讨其细胞、分子和基因水平机制。情绪障碍动物模型通常通过表面效度、结构效度和预测效度进行评价。目前的动物模型虽然存在一定的缺点,但已经为临床和科研提供了巨大帮助。 相似文献
885.
886.
计算机使用中的自我效能感 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
计算机自我效能感(computer self-efficacy,CSE)是自我效能感理论在计算机培训、计算机辅助技术使用等行为活动中的应用。该文综述了CSE对计算机操作的重要影响。该文也在原有CSE分类(一般CSE与特殊CSE)基础上,提出软件CSE与硬件CSE。另外该文也讨论了影响CSE的各个变量以及这些变量间的关系。最后该文指出了CSE的现有研究特点与未来研究取向。 相似文献
887.
Michael Macht Marcia Smith Pasqualini Pille Taba 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):165-176
Three patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) were treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): a
43-year-old woman suffering from depression and social anxiety, a 45-year-old man with sexual problems and maladaptive coping
strategies, and a 78-year-old man with freezing of gait. On the basis of functional analyses, interventions were selected,
including cognitive methods, social skills training, paradoxical instructions and strategies to improve management of freezing.
The interventions were related to improved adaptation to motor impairments and better ability to cope with the disease. These
case presentations suggest that CBT can improve quality of life in PD by modifying maladaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioral
reactions to the disease and its symptoms. 相似文献
888.
Genetic Influences on Anxiety in Children: What we’ve Learned and Where we’re Heading 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Anxiety is a common problem, typically beginning early in life. This article explores reasons for individual differences in
levels of anxiety among children, by reviewing the genetic literature. The plethora of research to date has demonstrated clearly
that both genes and environmental influences play important roles in explaining differences in levels of anxiety of various
types among children. This has encouraged researchers to search for specific genes and environmental influences upon anxiety.
Despite important progress in identifying links between anxiety and specific genes—including associations between serotonin
and dopamine genes and different symptoms of anxiety—overall, progress has been slow because multiple genes of small effect
size are likely to influence anxiety. This article explains how the hunt for genes involved in anxiety is likely to benefit
from genetically sensitive research, which examines the co-occurrence of symptoms; includes measures of the environment; and
examines endophenotypes and risk pathways. 相似文献
889.
The commonalities between anxiety and depression have been discussed before, but few have delineated the potentially different
mechanisms through which treatments work for these populations. The current study conducted a comprehensive review of child
and adolescent randomized clinical trials that tested cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety or depression. All studies
were required to have assessed both treatment outcomes and at least one theory-specific process target, including behavioral,
physiological, cognitive, and coping variables. Using a meta-analytic approach, CBT demonstrated positive treatment gains
across anxiety, depression, and general functioning outcomes. CBT for anxiety also produced moderate to large effects across
behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and coping processes, with behavioral targets demonstrating potentially the greatest
change. CBT for depression produced small effects for cognitive processes but nonsignificant effects for behavioral and coping
variables. Findings were generally consistent with CB theory but suggest potentially different mediators in the treatment
of anxiety and depression. Results are discussed in terms of implications for mechanisms research, theories of change, and
treatment development. 相似文献
890.
Psychosocial theories focused on the intrafamilial transmission of anxiety often concentrate on specific parenting behaviors
that increase risk of anxiety disorders in children. Two such theories—affectionate versus affectionless control—both implicate
parenting, although differently, in the pathogenesis of childhood anxiety. The present article reviews observational studies
that focus on interactions between parents and children in anxious families in order to examine critically each of these two
models. We divide these observational studies into two groups: those that seek to characterize the behavior of anxious parents
(top-down studies) versus parents of anxious children (bottom-up studies). This approach reveals that there is a consistent
relationship between controlling parental behavior in families with anxiety-disordered children as well as a consistent relationship
between parental behavior low in warmth and families with anxiety-disordered parents. The present article discusses the implications
of the pattern that unfolds from the observational studies of the last decade and provides suggestions for future research
in the area. 相似文献