Deliberative Pedagogy: Ideas for Analysing the Quality of Deliberation in Conflict Management in Education

Institutions worldwide respond to the need to recognise the value of educating children and young people to handle or solve conflicts in communication. But how do they or we know that an event is correctly interpreted as a conflict? How can people analyse the quality of deliberation when handling or solving conflicts in communication in education? I discuss these questions and argue that the notion of conflict cannot be defined only in terms of incompatibility, clash, opposition and/or disagreement; it also has to encompass negativity in the approach to the other. I also argue that the quality of deliberation can be analysed through a deliberative pedagogical approach, which takes into account structural features of deliberation and required dispositions of the participants, and that our knowledge of conflicts emerges holistically and is interpersonal and objective. I begin by giving an account of some institutional responses to conflicts. Then I discuss the notion of conflict and define it, inter alia, in terms of incompatibility, disagreement and negativity. Finally, I discuss ideas for analysing the quality of deliberation in communication when handling or solving conflicts in education.     

长期机械通气患者的气道管理方法初探

探讨ICU长期机械通气患者人工气道的管理方法及其对预后的影响。回顾性分析我院中心ICU2006年1月至今4例连续机械通气时间大于3个月患者的临床资料,总结人工气道管理经验。通过加强气道管理,可以明显减少抗菌药物的应用,有效改善预后。4例患者中1例成功撤机封管出院,2例至今仍生存,1例死亡。提示具体有效的呼吸道管理措施是减少呼吸机相关性肺炎、延长患者生命及提高治愈率的保证。     

How Risk is Perceived, Constructed and Interpreted by Clients in Clinical Genetics, and the Effects on Decision Making: Systematic Review

As an individual’s understanding of their genetic risk may influence risk management decisions, it is important to understand the ways in which risk is constructed and interpreted. We systematically reviewed the literature, undertaking a narrative synthesis of 59 studies presenting data on the ways in which individuals perceive, construct and interpret their risk, and the subsequent effects. While most studies assessed perceived risk quantitatively, the combined evidence suggests individuals find risk difficult to accurately quantify, with a tendency to overestimate. Rather than being a stand-alone concept, risk is something lived and experienced and the process of constructing risk is complex and influenced by many factors. While evidence of the effects of perceived risk is limited and inconsistent, there is some evidence to suggest high risk estimations may adversely affect health and lead to inappropriate uptake of medical surveillance and preventative measures by some individuals. A more focused approach to research is needed with greater exploration of the ways in which risk is constructed, along with the development of stronger theoretical models, to facilitate effective and patient-centered counseling strategies.     

To Recycle or Not to Recycle? An Intergenerational Approach to Nuclear Fuel Cycles

This paper approaches the choice between the open and closed nuclear fuel cycles as a matter of intergenerational justice, by revealing the value conflicts in the production of nuclear energy. The closed fuel cycle improve sustainability in terms of the supply certainty of uranium and involves less long-term radiological risks and proliferation concerns. However, it compromises short-term public health and safety and security, due to the separation of plutonium. The trade-offs in nuclear energy are reducible to a chief trade-off between the present and the future. To what extent should we take care of our produced nuclear waste and to what extent should we accept additional risks to the present generation, in order to diminish the exposure of future generation to those risks? The advocates of the open fuel cycle should explain why they are willing to transfer all the risks for a very long period of time (200,000 years) to future generations. In addition, supporters of the closed fuel cycle should underpin their acceptance of additional risks to the present generation and make the actual reduction of risk to the future plausible.     

Adapting REBT to the World of Business

Although REBT was developed as a therapeutic approach in the field of clinical psychology, its very direct and pragmatic approach to enhancing human functioning makes it exceptionally effective when adapted to the sphere of consulting to businesses. However, to be successful, a REBT clinician needs to take into consideration the different culture, the different client, and the different types of problems one is faced with in the corporate world versus the clinical world. Clinical concepts and vocabulary had best be changed so as to appear more educational and business-like. Whether used in a one-on-one coaching situation, in a group setting with a team, or with a family business to resolve conflict, the overriding goal is enhanced functioning on the job and ultimately, increased growth and profits for the business.     

Social-identity functions of attraction to organizations

This article examines the self-presentation goals that underlie attraction to organizations. Expanding on Lievens and Highhouse’s (2003) instrumental vs. symbolic classification of corporate attributes, a theory of symbolic attraction is presented that posits social-identity consciousness as a moderator of the relation between symbolic inferences about organizations (e.g., this company is dynamic and innovative) and attraction to those organizations. A measure of social-identity consciousness is developed, and a series of studies confirmed two dimensions, labeled concern for social adjustment and concern for value expression. Preliminary evidence supports the validity of the measure and its role in moderating attraction to symbolic features of well-known firms.     

早发型重度子痫前期的诊疗决策

早发型重度予痫前期可采取保守治疗恰当延长孕龄,减少因胎儿不成熟导致的围生儿死亡。但对妊娠28周～32周以前者的保守治疗,应采取非常慎重的态度,可以预期结局作为临床决策依据,恰当把握终止妊娠的时机与指征,达到提高胎儿有效成活率,避免孕产妇终末脏器不可逆损害,降低孕产妇病死率与婴幼儿死亡及病残率,减轻家庭和社会负担的目的。     

哮喘教育和管理工作中的一些新的启示与思考

简要叙述了目前哮喘防治中存在的问题,提出必须彻底转变哮喘防控模式,简单介绍了我们自己的哮喘教育和管理的具体做法及其效果,最后就哮喘的防控和管理提出一些值得思考的问题,包括建立和谐医患关系,减轻医疗经济负担,建立新型疾病防控模式和医疗服务体系等。     

心理治疗效果评定量表(简式)在中、德应用的心理测量学研究(英文)

419名中国和德国被试参加了本研究,并回答了若干简式心理健康量表。所选的这套量表能对心理治疗不同阶段的效果(Howard’s阶段模型:重新认识期-转变期-康复期)进行测查。本研究目的在于考察这些简式量表能否用于认知-行为治疗跨文化培训项目中的质量管理。结果显示,这些量表在中德两种文化背景下都有很高的信度和效度(聚合效度和敏感性)。尽管项目间的高相关似乎提示心理健康模型只有一个维度,但探索性因素和理论分析则更支持心理健康是一个分为8个亚维度的模型,其中每个亚维度或者与基础情绪、或者与社会性情感相连关联。本文最后就研究结果及其对心理治疗质量控制的意义进行了详细讨论。     

组织中管理者信任的前因机制——基于契约与LMX的实证分析

管理者信任是组织运作效率的重要影响因素。为了系统分析契约与领导成员交换(LMX)在组织内部对管理者信任的权变影响模式,本研究采用问卷调查的方法,对契约与LMX如何影响管理者信任的形成进行了研究。154名被试参加了调查,结果表明,契约与LMX的交互作用项对管理者信任的作用显著。进一步分析交互作用方向,结果表明:领导成员交换(LMX)在管理者信任形成中起到主导作用;而在双方LMX一般时,完备的契约可显著降低信任风险,促进管理者信任的形成。据此,我们建议管理者采用相应的权变策略建设组织内管理者信任。