“面缚”新证

“面缚”在先秦文献中经常出现,它往往和其它礼节一起构成投降礼仪。“面缚”在后来的历史时期甚至成为投降的代名词。历来的学者对“面缚”的形式提出了很多的解释,但矛盾的地方仍然很多。笔者结合文献、考古、古文字方面的材料,提出：“面缚”来自于古代捆绑战俘的习俗;它的形式有很大的随意性,可以是缚手于前、缚手于后、捆绑颈项以及颈手俱缚中的任一种。     

Breaking Through Barriers

This article presents wilderness therapy for sexual assault survivors. A form of treatment that combines counseling wiht rigorous outdoor activities, it creates situations that relate metaphorically to the original assault. Women engage in activities designed to promote team building, trust, self-esttem, confidence, intimacy and personal growth. They are then faced with physically challenging situations that evoke the feelings of helplessness were experienced during the assault, only this time they are provided with the chance to conquer them, by climbing to the mountaintop, hiking the hill, or simply knowing and asserting their physical limits. This article substantiates wilderness therapeutic programming by looking at its appropriateness for sexual assault behaviors.