RELAXATION EXERCISE WITH CEREBRAL PALSIED ADULTS SHOWING SPASTICITY

A method for improving the muscle incoordination associated with cerebral palsy was empirically tested. Relaxation exercises, involving the successive tensing and relaxing of the major muscle groups of the body, were performed by four adults with spastic quadraplegia. All four subjects were sheltered workshop employees. Their IQs ranged from normal to mentally deficient. Testing consisted of two timed-trials of both the Placing Test and the Turning Test from the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Tests. These tests measured the amount of time required to complete various manual manipulations involving pegs and pegboard. A multiple baseline across subjects design was employed to provide experimental control. All subjects showed significant improvement over baseline performance on the tests following the relaxation training. Limitations of this preliminary investigation and implications of these results for future research were noted.     

视觉诱发电位与老年人智力和记忆力相关性研究的多因素逐步回归分析

以年龄在55—79岁的正常人(男40人,女34人,平均年龄64.34±5.67岁)为被试,做视觉诱发电位(VEP),并测试韦氏智力测验的11项分值及智力商数、临床记忆测验的5项分测验及记忆商数、测量血压和头颅CT的脑萎缩程度,根据眼底动脉硬化表现和神经体征确定脑动脉硬化的程度.将上述资料数字化输入计算机进行多因素逐步回归分析。结果表明,智力和记忆力分别与视觉诱发电位的某些指标变量有关,与脑动脉硬化程度有关,与收缩压相关性较大,与舒张压相关性不大,与生理性脑萎缩程度关系不大。还探讨了推测老年人智力和记忆力的计算公式。     

The Hécaen-Zangwill legacy: Hemispheric dominance examined

The research of Henry Hécaen and Oliver Zangwill on patients with unilateral brain lesions in the later 1940s and early 1950s ushered in the modern era of investigation of hemispheric cerebral dominance. The field of inquiry expanded far beyond language and visual perception to encompass audition, somesthesis, motor performance, attentional processes, emotionality, and psychiatric disorders. The hundreds of studies dealing with the topic indicate that hemispheric dominance is not an all-or-none phenomenon and that, to some degree, it is an unstable phenomenon dependent upon bihemispheric factors. The basic cognitive processes that are preferentially mediated by each hemisphere and the factors that produce changes in performance still require adequate definition.Adapted from an invited address, Division 40, 1991 APA Convention, San Francisco.     

语篇主题表征在大脑两半球的存贮

使用半视野速示技术和启动—再认探测方法,采用包含两个句子的短语篇作为前行信息、通过主题启动、歧义词启动探测语段阅读时主题表征在大脑两半球的存贮情况,结果发现,无论是主题启动还是歧义词启动,左视野／右半脑和右视野／左半脑对语境相关的目标词反应时间都比不一致目标词更长,说明语段阅读后两半脑对主题表征都有存贮。     

脑梗死不同病因亚型同血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度的关系研究

为探讨脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（HCY）水平同病因分型及疾病严重程度的关系,选择首发脑梗死急性期患者73例,对照组30例,进行TOAST病因分型、NIHSS神经功能缺损评分、血浆HCY检测。结果显示,病例组血浆HCY升高率、水平比对照组显著增高;大动脉粥样硬化亚型病例组血浆HCY水平比对照组明显增高;病例组血浆HCY水平同NIHSS评分呈正相关,提示高HCY血症是脑梗死发病及大动脉粥样硬化亚型脑梗死发病的高危因素,血浆HCY水平同神经功能缺损程度正相关。     

Understanding Cognition Through Large-Scale Cortical Networks

An emerging body of evidence from a number of fields is beginning to reveal general neural principles underlying cognition. The characteristic adaptability of cognitive function is seen to derive from large-scale networks in the cerebral cortex that are able to repeatedly change the state of coordination among their constituent areas on a subsecond time scale. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that large-scale network dynamics operate in a metastable regime in which the interdependence of cortical areas is balanced between integrating and segregating activities. Cortical areas, through their coordination dynamics, are thought to rapidly resolve a large number of mutually imposed constraints, leading to consistent local states and a globally coherent state of cognition.     

Basic visual perceptual processes in children with typical development and cerebral palsy: The processing of surface,length, orientation,and position

The present study aims to assess how the processing of basic visual perceptual (VP) components (length, surface, orientation, and position) develops in typically developing (TD) children (n = 215, 4–14 years old) and adults (n = 20, 20–25 years old), and in children with cerebral palsy (CP) (n = 86, 5–14 years old) using the first four subtests of the Battery for the Evaluation of Visual Perceptual and Spatial processing in children. Experiment 1 showed that these four basic VP processes follow distinct developmental trajectories in typical development. Experiment 2 revealed that children with CP present global and persistent deficits for the processing of basic VP components when compared with TD children matched on chronological age and nonverbal reasoning abilities.     

高场强MR和CT在急性脑出血中的诊断价值比较

对临床72例急性期脑出血分别进行CT及MR检查,通过脑内血肿量测定及两住有经验诊断医生的分析诊断,比较两项检查的诊断敏感性,探讨高场强MR在诊断急性脑出血中的价值。测量所得MR各序列和CT血肿量差异无统计学意义。敏感性比较T2＊WI和CT组差异无统计学意义,P〈0．01。T1WI和T2WI序列的敏感性相对较差,与CT组比较差异有统计学意义,P〈0．01。MR梯度回波T2＊WI对诊断急性脑内血肿的敏感性和CT检查相当,结合常规扫描序列在急性期脑内血肿的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有实际应用价值。     

正确认识高血压患者应用阿司匹林的出血问题

高血压作为一种全球性的心脑血管疾病,会导致多器官损害,其患者发生心肌梗死、心绞痛、脑卒中等血栓栓塞性事件的几率远远高于血压正常者,因此防止心脑血管事件的发生是高血压治疗中的一个重要目标。多项大型临床研究证明,阿司匹林可以有效预防高血压患者心脑血管事件发生,同时也增加了出血的危险。本文将探讨如何正确认识高血压患者应用阿司匹林的出血问题,并如何将出血的危险降低到最小。