关于阵发性心房纤颤是否需要抗凝治疗的思考

阵发性心房纤颤与持续性心房纤颤同样面临着缺血性脑卒中风险,而关于阵发性房颤是否需要华法林抗凝治疗是目前争论热点问题。阵发性房颤是否抗凝治疗使患者面临着严重出血或血栓栓塞风险。循证医学论证了阵发性房颤抗凝治疗必要性及风险性,并且由于阵发性房颤患者有着不同的脑卒中及出血风险,个体差异的绝对性和多样性客观上要求对患者进行风险／效益比评估,在循证医学基础上进行个体化治疗。     

肝血流阻断的方法及实施策略

本文主要介绍各种肝血流阻断的方法及各种方法的选择策略。持续性肝门阻断是较古老和简单的肝血流控制方法,目前仍被外科医生广泛的应用。间歇性肝门阻断、半肝血流阻断和保留腔静脉通畅的全肝血流阻断主要适用于肝实质异常的患者,全肝血流阻断操作复杂,并且有10％～20％的患者不能耐受阻断期间血液动力学变化,但是对于需要进行广泛下腔静脉重建的肝脏手术非常适合,保留腔静脉通畅的全肝血流阻断方法适用于涉及肝静脉重建或局限性下腔静脉重建的手术。肝脏手术中肝血流阻断方法的选择,应根据病变位置、肝脏病理变化程度、患者心血管情况以及术者和麻醉医师的经验和习惯等情况综合考虑而定。     

降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效评价

采用随机同期对照的临床研究方法,对发病在24h内的90例急性脑梗死患者,分别进行降纤酶与常规治疗方法的治疗,观察其疗效,应用Logistic回归分析方法进行评价。结果显示,降纤酶可降低血浆纤维蛋白原的水平,有效地促进神经功能恢复,改善急性脑梗死患者的临床症状,有着与常规治疗方法相同的临床疗效。     

The effect of highly concentrated oxygen administration on cerebral activation levels and lateralization in visuospatial tasks

This study investigated what effect a 30% oxygen administration had on visuospatial cognitive performance and cerebral activation and lateralization using fMRI. Eight college students were selected as the subjects for this study. An oxygen dispenser that provided 21% and 30% oxygen at a constant rate of 8L/min was developed. In order to measure the performance level of visuospatial cognition, two psychological tests were also developed. The experiment consisted of two runs, one for a visuospatial cognition task with normal air (21% oxygen) and the other for a visuospatial cognition task with hyperoxic air (30% oxygen). Functional brain images were taken with a 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The results of the visuospatial behavioral analysis reveal that accuracy rates were enhanced with 30% oxygen administration when compared to 21% oxygen. There were more activations observed at the bilateral occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes with 30% oxygen administration. However, decreased cerebrum lateralization was observed with 30% oxygen administration in the same regions compared with 21% oxygen administration. Thus, it is concluded that the positive effect on the visuospatial cognitive performance level by the highly concentrated oxygen administration resulted from an increase of cerebrum activation and a decrease of cerebrum lateralization.     

Emotion and Pain: A Functional Cerebral Systems Integration

Emotion and pain are psychological constructs that have received extensive attention in neuropsychological research. However, neuropsychological models of emotional processing have made more progress in describing how brain regions interact to process emotion. Theories of emotional processing can describe inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric interactions during emotional processing. Due to similarities between emotion and pain, it is thought that emotional models can be applied to pain. The following review examines the neuropsychology of emotion and pain using a functional cerebral systems approach. Specific comparisons are made between pain and anger. Attention is given to differences in cerebral function and physiology that may contribute to the processing of emotion and pain. Suggestions for future research in emotion and pain are given.     

A few thoughts about the mind,the brain,and a child with early deprivation

Infant brain research is having an increasing impact on child psychotherapy and our understanding of the neurobiological effects of trauma and neglect. This paper outlines the 'experience-dependent' nature of brain development in infancy and the concept of critical periods in such development. The effects of deprivation on child development are illustrated and case material from a child who was institutionalized during his second year is used as a basis for posing questions about the nature of the mind and the brain. In spite of his deprivation, he was able to communicate imaginatively. Schore's proposal for the use of early interventions is put forward to counter discouragement that can be engendered by work with severely deprived children.     

Semantic representations of word meanings by the cerebral hemispheres

Two priming experiments investigated kind and strength of semantic knowledge underlying known, frontier, and unknown low frequency words. Results from Experiment 1 suggest that known words reflect categorical knowledge, but frontier and unknown words reflect thematic knowledge. Thematic knowledge for frontier words appears to be stronger than that for unknown words. Experiment 2 entailed visual half-field presentation of targets. All facilitory effects were restricted to the lvf/RH, and inhibitory effects to the rvf/LH. Experiment 1 findings were mirrored by the RH. Thematic knowledge appears to precede categorical knowledge for the RH, but the opposite may be true of the LH. Results are also discussed in terms of the RH role in meaning acquisition and metacontrol.     

¿Qué es una emoción?

RESUMEN

La finalidad de estas páginas es mostrar que, en lo que respeta a las emociones, los procesos cerebrales emocionales no sólo se asemejan a los procesos cerebrales sensoriales comunes, sino que, en términos estructurales, no son sino todos los mismos procesos combinados de distinta forma. El resultado más importante de ello será simplificar nuestras nociones sobre los posibles complicaciones fisiológicas del cerebro y hacernos ver que poseemos ya un modelo de cerebro cuyas aplicaciones son mucho más amplias de lo que creían algunos autores. La tesis principal es que los cambios corporales que siguen directamente a la percepción del hecho desencadenante y nuestra sensación de esos cambios según se van produciendo es la emoción.     

The Development of Perceptual Motor Sequencing Ability

The purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the possibility that short-term memory may be a limiting factor in the development of perceptual-motor sequencing ability, (b) to determine whether sex differences exist in sequencing ability, (c) to determine whether organized information facilitates serial recall, and (d) to ascertain whether the recall of serial perceptual-motor responses results in a bow-shaped serial-position curve. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design was used to analyze the independent variables of age, sex, and pattern organization. Further, an age × serial position ANOVA was performed to investigate the serial-position curve. Serial recall improved with age; however young children experienced difficulty in recalling a complex task. The poor recall performance of 5-yr.-old children was discussed in terms of the possibility that young children fail to use labeling strategies to facilitate recall. No sex differences were found. A primacy effect was obtained on the complex task.