Menstrual cycle-related changes of functional cerebral asymmetries in fine motor coordination

Fluctuating sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle have been shown to affect functional cerebral asymmetries in cognitive domains. These effects seem to result from the neuromodulatory properties of sex hormones and their metabolites on interhemispheric processing. The present study was carried out to investigate whether functional cerebral asymmetries in fine motor coordination as reflected by manual asymmetries are also susceptible to natural sex hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle. Sixteen right-handed women with a regular menstrual cycle performed a finger tapping paradigm consisting of two conditions (simple, sequential) during the low hormone menstrual phase and the high estrogen and progesterone luteal phase. To validate the luteal phase, saliva levels of free progesterone (P) were analysed using chemiluminescence assays. As expected, normally cycling women showed a substantial decrease in manual asymmetries in a more demanding sequential tapping condition involving four fingers compared with simple (repetitive) finger tapping. This reduction in the degree of dominant (right) hand manual asymmetries was evident during the luteal phase. During the menstrual phase, however, manual asymmetries were even reversed in direction, indicating a slight advantage in favour of the non-dominant (left) hand. These findings suggest that functional cerebral asymmetries in fine motor coordination are affected by sex hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, probably via hormonal modulations of interhemispheric interaction.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与脑卒中

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)作为一种脑卒中独立的危险因素已经广泛受到重视,是脑卒中、冠心病、高血压、充血性心力衰竭等心脑血管疾病的一个主要发病因素.OSAHS引起的频繁血氧饱和度下降和夜间睡眠结构紊乱对心脑血管系统产生严重的危害.本综述主要讨论OSAHS对脑卒中患者的影响和对此类患者的治疗.了解OSAHS和脑卒中之间的联系对于脑卒中的一、二级预防具有重要的意义.     

高血压中等量脑出血微创抽吸与内科治疗的对比研究

对比研究微创穿刺血肿吸除与内科保守治疗中等量高血压脑出血患者的临床效果.对82例高血压中等量脑出血患者行回顾性分析,随机分为研究组(微创穿刺吸除)和对照组(内科保守),对比两组患者的临床疗效、并发症及死亡情况.研究组临床有效率(92.68％)明显优于对照组(70.73％)(P＜0.05);研究组在并发症发生率(7.32％)与病死率(2.43％)方面显著低于对照组(29.27％,14.53％) (P＜0.05).微创穿刺血肿吸除治疗高血压中等量脑出血可提高疗效、降低并发症发生率及病死率.     

外伤性脑梗死的病因分析与防治策略

外伤性脑梗死是颅脑外伤患者比较常见且严重的一种并发症.其病因主要是脑血管壁损伤、血管受机械牵拉挤压、脑血管痉挛及低灌注、氧自由基及其他血管活性物质的改变.随着影像技术的发展进步,外伤性脑梗死的早期诊断已基本能做到,了解其主要发病机制以后,针对性地给予扩容,保证脑灌注压.通过提早预防、早期手术和内科药物、物理治疗方法,改善预后.     

Author Index

The association between family functioning and adolescent adjustment was examined in 429 Chinese adolescents via children's and parents' reports. The ratings obtained from the different sources indicated that family functioning was significantly related to measures of (a) adolescent psychological well-being (general psychiatric morbidity, life satisfaction, purpose in life, hopelessness, and self-esteem), (b) school adjustment (perceived academic performance and school conduct), and (c) problem behavior (smoking and abusing psychotropic drugs). The findings suggest that there is an intimate link between family functioning and the psychosocial adjustment, particularly the positive mental health, of Chinese adolescents.     

Coping Strategies and Resolution in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy

“Parental resolution” represents parents coming to terms with their child’s health condition. Differences in the use of coping strategies between mothers who were resolved versus unresolved to their child’s diagnosis was investigated, and a possible moderating effect of these strategies was explored. A strategy aimed at mobilizing the family to acquire and accept help (institutional, formal support) was shown to be a significant moderating variable, in a way that its more frequent use allowed mothers of children with better functional status (but not mothers of children with poorer functional status) to reach resolution.     

Atypical speech lateralization in adults with developmental coordination disorder demonstrated using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound

Research using clinical populations to explore the relationship between hemispheric speech lateralization and handedness has focused on individuals with speech and language disorders, such as dyslexia or specific language impairment (SLI). Such work reveals atypical patterns of cerebral lateralization and handedness in these groups compared to controls. There are few studies that examine this relationship in people with motor coordination impairments but without speech or reading deficits, which is a surprising omission given the prevalence of theories suggesting a common neural network underlying both functions. We use an emerging imaging technique in cognitive neuroscience; functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) ultrasound, to assess whether individuals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) display reduced left‐hemisphere lateralization for speech production compared to control participants. Twelve adult control participants and 12 adults with DCD, but no other developmental/cognitive impairments, performed a word‐generation task whilst undergoing fTCD imaging to establish a hemispheric lateralization index for speech production. All participants also completed an electronic peg‐moving task to determine hand skill. As predicted, the DCD group showed a significantly reduced left lateralization pattern for the speech production task compared to controls. Performance on the motor skill task showed a clear preference for the dominant hand across both groups; however, the DCD group mean movement times were significantly higher for the non‐dominant hand. This is the first study of its kind to assess hand skill and speech lateralization in DCD. The results reveal a reduced leftwards asymmetry for speech and a slower motor performance. This fits alongside previous work showing atypical cerebral lateralization in DCD for other cognitive processes (e.g., executive function and short‐term memory) and thus speaks to debates on theories of the links between motor control and language production.     

糖尿病伴发脑卒中病例临床特点分析

探讨2型糖尿病患者伴发脑卒中的发生率及相关危险因素,采用头CT扫描,化验血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原。对我院自2005年7月-2007年7月间收治的2型糖尿病合并脑卒中患者与非糖尿病发生脑卒中患者进行比较分析。200例患者中糖尿病88例,患病率44％,两组患者比较糖尿病并发脑卒中发生多灶性梗死（P〈0．01）,血流变学分析（P〈0．01）其差异有统计学意义。糖尿病合并脑卒中的患者与多种危险因素有关,必须及早控制,防止脑卒中发生、发展,减少致残率。     

老年无症状性脑梗死患者的临床研究

SCI患者110例和110例健康对照组之间血脂、超敏C反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）等指标的差异进行研究,同时用临床记忆量表检测两组的记忆能力。提示SCI组的记忆商和指向记忆、人像特点联想回忆分显著低于健康对照组。两组的甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白及Hs-CRP之间差异有显著性。而SCI患者头昏、记忆力减退较为常见,易出现高甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白降低、Hs-CRP升高、动脉硬化程度重,进一步加重认知功能损害,需早期防治。     

中-英双语者词汇语义通达的大脑功能偏侧化与合作效应

采用半视野速示术对48名英语专业硕士研究生进行词汇判别的语义启动实验,检查中一英双语者词汇语义通达可能存在的大脑功能偏侧化与合作效应.结果提示:(1)相对熟练的中一英双语者L1(中文)和L2(英文)均可直接通达一个共同的词汇语义概念表征系统,但L1可以通过两半球,而L2可能主要依赖于大脑右半球;(2)跨语言条件出现了半球间语义通达的合作优势效应.