全文获取类型
收费全文 | 228篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 47篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 43篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 10篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有301条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
261.
Cassandra D. Gipson 《Learning and motivation》2008,39(4):285-295
Previous research with the radial maze has found evidence that rats can remember both places that they have already been (retrospective coding) and places they have yet to visit (prospective coding; Cook, R. G., Brown, M. F., & Riley, D. A. (1985). Flexible memory processing by rats: Use of prospective and retrospective information in the radial maze. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behaviour Processes, 11, 453-469). Such dual coding also has been found in pigeons using a radial maze analog in which insertion of a delay at different points during a trial affects performance differentially depending on where in the trial it is inserted. When a delay is interpolated either early or late in a trial, there is minimal disruption of performance compared with when it is interpolated in the middle of the trial. However, the analysis required with this procedure requires the assumption that if errors made on control trials are subtracted from errors made in delay trials, the remaining errors can be directly attributed to the delay. But errors may also be attributed to the changing criterion for making a response as the trial proceeds. Furthermore, the animal’s tendency to choose alternatives in a systematic order may also affect its need to remember the sequence of choices made (and yet to be made) on each trial. In the present research, we avoided having to make this assumption by giving the pigeons a two-alternative choice at the time of testing and by randomly determining for the pigeon the order of predelay choices on each trial. This change in procedure resulted in comparable performance as a function of where in the trial the test occurred on both control and delay trials. The effect of the delay was to produce a general decrement in performance independent of where it occurred in the trial. 相似文献
262.
Binocular rivalry occurs when the eyes are presented with different stimuli and subjective perception alternates between them. Though recent years have seen a number of models of this phenomenon, the mechanisms behind binocular rivalry are still debated and we still lack a principled understanding of why a cognitive system such as the brain should exhibit this striking kind of behaviour. Furthermore, psychophysical and neurophysiological (single cell and imaging) studies of rivalry are not unequivocal and have proven difficult to reconcile within one framework. This review takes an epistemological approach to rivalry that considers the brain as engaged in probabilistic unconscious perceptual inference about the causes of its sensory input. We describe a simple empirical Bayesian framework, implemented with predictive coding, which seems capable of explaining binocular rivalry and reconciling many findings. The core of the explanation is that selection of one stimulus, and subsequent alternation between stimuli in rivalry occur when: (i) there is no single model or hypothesis about the causes in the environment that enjoys both high likelihood and high prior probability and (ii) when one stimulus dominates, the bottom-up, driving signal for that stimulus is explained away while, crucially, the bottom-up signal for the suppressed stimulus is not, and remains as an unexplained but explainable prediction error signal. This induces instability in perceptual dynamics that can give rise to perceptual transitions or alternations during rivalry. 相似文献
263.
Urban E 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2008,53(3):329-350
This paper concerns the self as Fordham came to conceive it after a conceptual analysis of Jung's use of the term. Fordham identified a contradiction in Jung's usage, and resolved it by reserving 'self' for a definition of the psychosomatic entirety of the individual, and using a separate term for referring to expressions of the self in human experience (e.g. symbols). Fordham tentatively suggested that the latter be termed the 'central archetype', although this was neither developed nor dropped. I explore the value of this term from a developmental perspective and, more specifically in terms of the deintegration of psyche out of an early psychosomatic unity. This draws upon infant research and an observation of a 14-month old boy. Finally, further developments are briefly described and illustrated, whereby pre-symbolic expressions of the central archetype become symbolic and come to reflect what was for Jung, the 'ultimate', 'Formation, Transformation, Eternal Mind's eternal recreation'. 相似文献
264.
265.
轴突变性是中枢神经系统疾病的基本病理过程,但是由于把其作为轴突失去胞体营养后的被动死亡,长期未受到重视。最近的研究发现轴突变性是神经元对外界刺激的可逆可控的主动过程,在这个研究过程中,我们体会到轴突变性所蕴涵的深刻哲学内涵,如其在细胞周期调控和凋亡的作用。这种研究使我们认识到应该用辩证的思维方法去认识分析客观事物。 相似文献
266.
Rockwell P 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2007,36(5):361-369
This study investigated vocal cues that differentiate sarcastic utterances from non-sarcastic utterances. Utterances were
drawn from videotapes of participant interviews and arranged on a master tape for analysis. Utterances that were identified
as sarcastic by speakers and recognized as sarcastic by listeners were randomly arranged with utterances identified and recognized
as non-sarcastic by the same participants. Both sarcastic and non-sarcastic utterances were analyzed by two methods–acoustic
analysis and perceptual coding. The acoustic analysis proved slightly more successful than the perceptual coding in discriminating
between sarcastic and non-sarcastic utterances. The acoustic analysis indicated that fundamental frequency, frequency range,
length of utterance, and total amount of sound significantly discriminated sarcastic from non-sarcastic utterances. The perceptual
coding method revealed that pitch range, length of utterance, and total amount of sound significantly discriminated sarcastic
from non-sarcastic utterances. Moderate correlations were found between the acoustic and perceptual variables. 相似文献
267.
Based on Pacherie’s dynamic theory of intentions, this study investigated how the way an intention is formed and sustained affects action performance and the experience of control during acting. In Experiment 1, task-irrelevant verbal commands were given while participants responded to stimuli in a two-choice reaction time (RT) task. The commands referred to an action goal congruent or incongruent with the actor’s current intention, or ordered the initiation or abortion of the action. In Experiment 2, the same commands were given as participants freely chose between two actions. The distractors affected performance in the reactive task only. In both experiments, feelings of control were based on movement parameters as well as perceived (mis)matches between distractors and intended actions. These findings suggest that the way an intention is implemented affects how well it can be shielded against external perturbations and how much one feels in control. 相似文献
268.
Predictive coding: an account of the mirror neuron system 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Is it possible to understand the intentions of other people by simply observing their actions? Many believe that this ability is made possible by the brain’s mirror neuron system through its direct link between action and observation. However, precisely how intentions can be inferred through action observation has provoked much debate. Here we suggest that the function of the mirror system can be understood within a predictive coding framework that appeals to the statistical approach known as empirical Bayes. Within this scheme the most likely cause of an observed action can be inferred by minimizing the prediction error at all levels of the cortical hierarchy that are engaged during action observation. This account identifies a precise role for the mirror system in our ability to infer intentions from actions and provides the outline of the underlying computational mechanisms. 相似文献
269.
This study was aimed at revealing which cognitive processes are lateralized in visual categorizations of "humans" by pigeons. To this end, pigeons were trained to categorize pictures of humans and then tested binocularly or monocularly (left or right eye) on the learned categorization and for transfer to novel exemplars (Experiment 1). Subsequent tests examined whether they relied on memorized features or on a conceptual strategy, using stimuli composed of new combinations of familiar and novel humans and backgrounds (Experiment 2), whether the hemispheres processed global or local information, using pictures with different levels of scrambling (Experiment 3), and whether they attended to configuration, using distorted human figures (Experiment 4). The results suggest that the left hemisphere employs a category strategy and concentrates on local features, while the right hemisphere uses an exemplar strategy and relies on configuration. These cognitive dichotomies of the cerebral hemispheres are largely shared by humans, suggesting that lateralized cognitive systems already defined the neural architecture of the common ancestor of birds and mammals. 相似文献
270.
本研究通过三个实验考察了语义联系和因果制约对文本阅读中预期推理激活和编码的贡献。结果表明,预期语境与预期事件间的语义联系不能使预期推理在文本阅读过程中得到激活和编码,语境与预期事件间的强因果关系是文本阅读过程中预期推理激活与编码的必要条件;提示阅读过程中的预期是因果预期而非联想预期。结果为建构主义推理观提供了实验依据。 相似文献