又有一项生物学信条受到挑战

生物学上的一条新发现———终末分化的神经细胞和心肌细胞具有分裂增殖的能力,向传统理论提出了挑战。指出了真理受一定时代和范围的限制,具有相对性,我们不能超越客观事实去片面追求完善的真理,又要敢于在新技术手段的支持下,提出新观点,勇于向传统观念挑战     

亲代孕前成瘾药物暴露对子代行为的影响及其表观遗传机制

孕前成瘾药物暴露不仅危害使用者的身体健康,而且会对子代的生理行为造成影响,近年来研究发现表观遗传机制在其中发挥重要作用。孕前成瘾药物暴露会对子代的成瘾易感性和焦虑样行为造成影响,引起子代的抑郁样行为和认知受损。这些现象可能是成瘾药物通过引起亲代生殖细胞内表观遗传修饰变化所致,其中包括印记基因、神经递质系统、BDNF三个方面的表观遗传修饰变化。此外,未来除了加强以上三个方面基因的研究,也需要增加其他方面基因的研究,以及寻找能预测子代异常行为的表观遗传生物标志物。     

非小细胞肺癌术后化疗循证医学证据引发的思考

肺癌是目前对人类生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一.对非小细胞肺癌术后化疗的循证医学证据及由此引发的思考:对循证医学的局限性及认识真理的曲折性进行了阐述.     

Abortion, embryonic stem cell research, and waste

Can one consistently deny the permissibility of abortion while endorsing the killing of human embryos for the sake of stem cell research? The question is not trivial; for even if one accepts that abortion is prima facie wrong in all cases, there are significant differences with many of the embryos used for stem cell research from those involved in abortion—most prominently, many have been abandoned in vitro, and appear to have no reasonably likely meaningful future. On these grounds one might think to maintain a strong position against abortion but endorse killing human embryos for the sake of stem cell research and its promising benefits. I will argue, however, that these differences are not decisive. Thus, one who accepts a strong view against abortion is committed to the moral impermissibility of killing human embryos for the sake of stem cell research. I do not argue for the moral standing of either abortion or the killing of embryos for stem cell research; I only argue for the relation between the two. Thus the conclusion is relevant to those with a strong view in favor of the permissibility of killing embryos for the sake of research as much as for those who may strongly oppose abortion; neither can consider their position in isolation from the other.     

从胰腺移植到胰岛干细胞移植

糖尿病学家在胰腺及胰岛细胞移植领域进行了不懈的探索。胰腺移植和胰岛细胞移植的两大制约因素是可供移植的胰腺来源少且诱发受体免疫排斥反应而需应用免疫抑制剂。胰岛细胞制备、纯化技术以及免疫隔离技术的应用在一定程度上克服了上述两大制约因素，人们期待胰岛干细胞技术及其相关的基因技术的深入将这一技术趋于完善。     

肠促胰素对2型糖尿病胰岛功能的影响

胰岛β细胞功能障碍是2型糖尿病的重要发病机制之一,而现有治疗手段保护β细胞功能作用有限。最新的研究发现,肠促胰素不仅能够改善口细胞功能,而且能够避免低血糖、体重增加等不良反应,是治疗2型糖尿病的新途径。本文通过回顾公开发表的临床研究,对2型糖尿病口细胞功能、传统治疗及肠促胰素对β细胞功能的保护及延缓疾病进展作用进行了综...     

社会判断偏差的分化研究：人物因素的影响

实验采用投射的方法,利用图片和问题材料,考察了128名本科生对物、事、人的社会判断偏差的分化现象。实验结果表明：1）社会判断内在的宽大效应存在局限性,它是有条件限制的,受到所介入的人物因素的影响而出现分化现象;2）对物与事的评价中,突出了对性别判断标准的差异;3）在社会人的对比中,容貌、性别、背景在对同一事件的判断中发挥着重要作用,使社会判断出现偏差分化。     

Seeing the future: Natural image sequences produce “anticipatory” neuronal activity and bias perceptual report

This paper relates human perception to the functioning of cells in the temporal cortex that are engaged in high-level pattern processing. We review historical developments concerning (a) the functional organization of cells processing faces and (b) the selectivity for faces in cell responses. We then focus on (c) the comparison of perception and cell responses to images of faces presented in sequences of unrelated images. Specifically the paper concerns the cell function and perception in circumstances where meaningful patterns occur momentarily in the context of a naturally or unnaturally changing visual environment. Experience of visual sequences allows anticipation, yet one sensory stimulus also “masks” perception and neural processing of subsequent stimuli. To understand this paradox we compared cell responses in monkey temporal cortex to body images presented individually, in pairs and in action sequences. Responses to one image suppressed responses to similar images for ～500 ms. This suppression led to responses peaking 100 ms earlier to image sequences than to isolated images (e.g., during head rotation, face-selective activity peaks before the face confronts the observer). Thus forward masking has unrecognized benefits for perception because it can transform neuronal activity to make it predictive during natural change.     

"伦理"与"道德"辨析

在日常使用中,"伦理"与"道德"往往被当作同义词或近义词使用,这种现象已经引起了学术理论的混乱,本文归纳了学术界目前现存的几种有代表性的理论观点,并对"伦理"与"道德"的东西方涵义及二者的相互关系进行了辨析与梳理。笔者认为,西方的伦理与道德的涵义相近,但与中文里伦理与道德的涵义有别;中文里伦理与道德的涵义存在着本质的区别。东西方的词源词义不可能完全对应,更不能以西方文化中伦理与道德的词源学涵义来取代中国文化里伦理与道德的基本涵义。对二者的正确理解必须依赖于相应的文化背景。     

子宫内膜干细胞与子宫内膜异位症的治疗

子宫内膜异位症（EMs）是妇科最常见的疾病之一,引起痛经、月经不调、不孕等,严重危害妇女的身心健康,影响患者生活质量。其发病率逐年升高,发病机制不清,疗效差,一直是困扰妇科医生的难题之一。最近提出的子宫内膜干细胞（SC）学说认为EMs起源于SC,EMs病灶的维持和发展是子宫内膜SC不断更新和分化的结果。因此,治疗的关键应是针对子宫内膜SC,通过靶向子宫内膜SC及其异常调节的信号转导通路来治疗EMs。这对传统的治疗方式提出了巨大的挑战,也为有效的根治EMs开辟了新的思路。