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151.
James R. Guzak 《Ethics & behavior》2015,25(5):386-399
Ethical decision-making research has centered on Rest’s (1986) framework that represents a rational, nonaffective model for ethical decision making. However, research in human cognition suggesting a “dual-processing” framework, composed of both rational and affective components, has been relatively ignored in the ethical decision-making literature. Examining dual-processing literature, it seems affect might be an important factor in decision making when a person’s mood is congruent with the task or situational context frame. Given that ethical decisions are serious and complex tasks, it is proposed here that inducing a negative affective state might produce mood congruence, reinforce the salience of emotion for ethical decision makers, and lead to differences in decision processing. Evidence is presented documenting differences in the decisions made by ethical decision makers in a negative affective state as compared to those in either a positive or neutral affective state. 相似文献
152.
Clinical supervision provides the foundation for cultivating ethical practice and professionalism for mental health trainees. Exploration and management of a supervisee’s personal reactivity or countertransference (CT) is a critical component of supervision and has clear ethical implications for clinical management and the development of clinical competence. This article discusses supervision practice and presents the results of a study that investigated the influence of supervisor–supervisee relationship on clinical and counseling doctoral students’ CT disclosures. Respondents completed the Working Alliance Inventory–Supervisee form and the Personal Reaction Disclosure Questionnaire, which assessed respondents’ comfort and likelihood of reporting CT reactions to hypothetical clinical interactions. Results of this analogue study demonstrated positive associations between supervisory alliance and reported comfort and likelihood of CT disclosures, highlighting the importance of the alliance and drawing attention to supervisors their responsibility to particularly attend to the bond dimension of the relationship. 相似文献
153.
Jean Maria Arrigo David DeBatto Lawrence Rockwood Timothy G. Mawe 《Ethics & behavior》2015,25(5):361-372
O’Donohue et al. (2014) sought to derive, from classical ethical theories, the ethical obligation of psychologists to assist “enhanced interrogations and torture” (EIT) in national defense scenarios under strict EIT criteria. They asked the American Psychological Association to adopt an ethics code obligating psychologists to assist such EIT and to uphold the reputation of EIT psychologists. We contest the authors’ ethical analyses as supports for psychologists’ forays into torture interrogation when (if ever) the EIT criteria obtain. We also contend that the authors’ application of these ethical analyses violates the Geneva Conventions, contravenes military doctrine and operations, and undermines psychology as a profession. We conclude that “good” public reputation is not owed to, or expected by, “good” intelligence professionals, and collaborating operational psychologists must share their providence. 相似文献
154.
There is increased recognition of the importance of well-designed scholarship on how immigration status and policies impact migrants in the United States, including those who are unauthorized. Some researchers have looked to community-based and participatory methods to develop trust, place migrants’ voices at the forefront, and engage collaboratively in using research as a tool for social change. This article reviews three ethical ambiguities that emerged in the process of a series of participatory action research (PAR) projects with migrants in the United States, many of whom were unauthorized. Specifically, three themes are discussed: (a) the tension between the human desire to respond to injustices, and the challenges of doing so in ways that recognize one’s privilege and power as an outsider and supports the migrants’ agency and autonomy; (b) the complex definition, explanation, and dimensions of “risk”; and (c) the complexity of using a methodology (PAR) that prioritizes participants’ collective identity and community in the context of regulations that are designed primarily to protect individuals. 相似文献
155.
This review emphasizes the worldwide and U.S. evolving population demographics and the need for the dental profession to exercise its professional and ethical duty to expand its traditional patient base to provide needed services. 相似文献
156.
Wendy A. Wiseman 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2015,18(1):73-80
Reflecting on two study abroad trips to New Zealand in 2005 and 2007, I suggest in this essay that it is possible to mitigate the risk of (American or European) students recapitulating imperial attitudes through development of a rigorous curriculum focusing on the legacies of colonialism, institutional racism, and the somewhat dubious phenomenon of “post‐colonialism.” Readings, I argue, should be in continual play during cultural and social activities, operating in a dialectal move toward an “ethics of respect.” Such an ethics remains aporetic, or uncertain, insofar as no code of behavior can render us immune to the political and polemical effects of past and present forms of imperialism. However, a cultivated respect for distance and difference, including regarding questions of “authenticity,” can help to actualize the transformative promise of studying (indigenous) religion abroad. This essay is published alongside of six other essays, including a response from John Barbour, comprising a special section of the journal (see Teaching Theology and Religion 18:1, January 2015). 相似文献
157.
Kiara Jorgenson 《Dialog》2015,54(2):197-204
In today's Anthropocene, the reality of our growing global population, with its requirement of and strain upon the natural world, and our grave projected ecological outlook pose new challenges for Christian ethicists. How can both people and the earth flourish? Discussed within the context of theological and secular reflections on natural law, this article proposes one answer to such a question through a recasting of the human right to nature by way of a deep and wide understanding of vocation. Using Luther as a prototype who demonstrates the innate value of all life forms and offers an innovative working concept of vocation, it is here shown how an emphasis on vocation, when extended ecologically, can promote the option of life for all. 相似文献
158.
In this paper we analyse how the risks associated with research on transgenic plants are regulated in Sweden. The paper outlines
the way in which pilot projects in the plant sciences are overseen in Sweden, and discusses the international and national
background to the current regulatory system. The historical, and hitherto unexplored, reasons for the evolution of current
administrative and legislative procedures in plant science are of particular interest. Specifically, we discuss similarities
and differences in the regulation of medicine and plant science, and we examine the tendency towards dichotomizing risk —
focusing on social/ethical risks in medicine and biological risks in plant science. The context of this article is the Synpraxia
research project, an inter-disciplinary program combining expertise in sciences and the humanities. 相似文献
159.
Sweeney AE 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(3):435-464
Continuing advances in human ability to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular levels (i.e. nanoscale science and engineering)
offer many previously unimagined possibilities for scientific discovery and technological development. Paralleling these advances
in the various science and engineering subdisciplines is the increasing realization that a number of associated social, ethical,
environmental, economic and legal dimensions also need to be explored. An important component of such exploration entails
the identification and analysis of the ways in which current and prospective researchers in these fields conceptualize these
dimensions of their work. Within the context of a National Science Foundation funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates
(REU) program in nanomaterials processing and characterization at the University of Central Florida (2002–2004), here I present
for discussion (i) details of a “nanotechnology ethics” seminar series developed specifically for students participating in
the program, and (ii) an analysis of students’ and participating research faculty’s perspectives concerning social and ethical
issues associated with nanotechnology research. I conclude with a brief discussion of implications presented by these issues
for general scientific literacy and public science education policy. 相似文献
160.
Fleischmann ST 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(2):381-389
An honor code is certainly a good place to start teaching engineering students about ethics, but teaching students to live
honorably requires far more effort than memorizing a code of ethics statement or applying it just to academic performance.
In the School of Engineering at Grand Valley State University, we have followed the model provided by the United States Military
Academy at West Point. For our students this involves an introduction to the Honor Code as part of a larger Honor Concept
at the very beginning of their studies and then making it an integral part of their preparation as engineers. The challenge
is significant because the culture at large does not support living with an Honor Concept. This paper will begin with a discussion
of the cultural context in which we must teach, because that context has changed significantly in the years since many faculty
members were students themselves. The rest of the paper will detail the approach that we have taken to teach ethics as an
engineer’s way of life.
“The shortest and surest way to live with honor in the world is to be in reality what we would appear to be. All human virtues
increase and strengthen themselves by the practice and experience of them.”
Plato
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2005 conference, Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology, Linking Workplace Ethics and Education, co-hosted by Gonzaga University and Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 9–10 June 2005. 相似文献