All You Need Is Love: The Importance of Partner and Family Relations to Highly Creative Individuals’ Well-Being and Success

The aim of the article was to investigate how the family life of highly creative individuals—mainly marriages or romantic relationships—is related to their sense of success and well-being. Previous studies have led to conflicting conclusions. The predominant finding has been that marriage and family constitute an obstacle to creative potential development. Other studies have demonstrated that, regardless of gender, creators lead satisfying family lives, which contributes to their well-being. The study presented in this paper is based on the grounded theory methodology and triangulates two sources: interviews with prominent creators from the USA conducted years ago (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996, N = 91) and interviews with recognized contemporary Polish artists and scientists (N = 34). Based on interactions between the interviewees’ perception of themselves as creators and their perception of gender and family roles, the authors identify and discuss five types of relationship between creators’ family life and work. They also discuss the factors that hinder or facilitate creators’ satisfactory functioning in both areas in each of the five types of relationship.     

Commitment Shift during Organizational Upheaval: Physicians' Transitions from Private Practitioner to Employee

This longitudinal study examines the individual transition journeys of physicians as their private medical practices are acquired by a large integrated health care system. We test the proposition that transition patterns (trends in an individual's commitments to organization and profession over time) are a function of individual differences in years in profession and perceived organizational enabling characteristics (change involvement, openness to ideas, and work discretion). Three years of survey data were obtained from a panel of 48 physicians who transitioned through an organizational change process. Results challenge traditional assumptions that tenure reinforces commitment and cast doubt on the effectiveness of current medical school curricula in preparing medical graduates to practice in an administrative environment. In addition, results strongly suggest that enabling characteristics of organizational change are critical for compatibility between the organizational and professional attachments of transitioning physicians.     

组织承诺与职务投入对技术人员行为的影响

文章讨论了不同职业发展阶段条件下组织承诺和职务投入分别对工程技术人员工作绩效和离职倾向的预测效应.针对Werbel(1984)提出的只有职业发展后期组织承诺才能有效预测离职以及Keller(1997)提出的职务投入对工程师绩效不具有预测力,论文提出了不同观点.通过问卷法对210位工程技术人员进行测量发现,无论离职倾向还是工作绩效,随着职业发展,其预测变量呈现组织承诺-职务投入-组织承诺交替出现的特征.文章对交替过程中的职业发展阶段划分及不同阶段的任务特征作了进一步探讨.     

大学生同一性与职业探索、职业决策困难的关系

采用问卷法对439名大学生的同一性与职业探索、职业决策困难的关系进行了研究.研究结果表明:(1)不同同一性地位类型的大学生在职业探索上存在显著差异,环境探索和自我探索两个维度的得分都呈现出达成型>延缓型>早闭型>混乱型的趋势,同一性地位越高,职业探索得分越高.(2)不同同一性地位类型的大学生在职业决策困难上存在显著差异,职业决策困难各维度得分及各维度平均分上大致呈现出同一性地位越高,职业决策困难得分越低的趋势.     

企业员工自我职业生涯管理的结构及关系

在文献研究的基础上 ,通过访谈、开放式问卷等方法 ,确立了企业员工自我职业生涯管理的结构。根据该结构 ,结合问卷及访谈所搜集的自我职业生涯管理活动 ,编制了自我职业生涯管理问卷 (简称ICMQ)。该问卷在177名被试中进行了初步调查 ,结果发现 :尽管该结构主体结构得到了证实 ,但有些方面如职业生涯发展策略比较混乱。在此基础上 ,修订问卷 ,重新选取 13家企业的中低层管理者及技术人员、文职人员进行了测试 ,获得了 4 4 9份有效问卷 ,对问卷的探索性因素分析结果表明 :该问卷是个五因素的结构 ,这 5个因素是职业探索、职业目标和策略确立、继续学习、自我展示和注重关系。为了进一步验证自我职业生涯管理问卷的结构效度 ,并获得问卷的信度和效度指标 ,研究选取了 11家企业进行了调查 ,获得了 399份有效问卷。验证性因素分析结果表明 :自我职业生涯管理是个并列的 5因素结构     

The Role of Emotion Regulation and Children's Early Academic Success

This study investigated the role of emotion regulation in children's early academic success using a sample of 325 kindergarteners. A mediational analysis addressed the potential mechanisms through which emotion regulation relates to children's early academic success. Results indicated that emotion regulation was positively associated with teacher reports of children's academic success and productivity in the classroom and standardized early literacy and math achievement scores. Contrary to predictions, child behavior problems and the quality of the student teacher relationship did not mediate these relations. However, emotion regulation and the quality of the student-teacher relationship uniquely predicted academic outcomes even after accounting for IQ. Findings are discussed in terms of how emotion regulation skills facilitate children's development of a positive student-teacher relationship as well as cognitive processing and independent learning behavior, all of which are important for academic motivation and success.     

大学生职业决策和自尊、成就动机的关系

在应用自尊量表(SES)和成就动机量表(AMS)对106名大学生(男生46名,女生60名)进行调查的基础上,通过设计框架性职业决策情景,探究了大学生职业决策和自尊、成就动机的关系。结果发现:(1)成就动机中避免失败变量与框架效应的交互作用对大学生职业决策倾向性有显著性影响;(2)自尊水平对大学生职业决策倾向性存在显著性作用;(3)框架效应在大学生职业决策中发生作用,对大学生的职业决策倾向性有显著的影响。     

The impact of within country heterogeneity in vocational specificity on initial job matches and job status

This paper analyses the impact of vocational specificity on school-to-work transitions in terms of initial job mismatches and socioeconomic status at the individual level. Considering heterogeneity amongst the various qualifications in Austria, the study finds that the positive impact of specificity on initial labour market placement known from cross-country research also holds within the highly stratified Austrian system in which various vocational specialisations are provided at the upper secondary level. Independent of the level and field of the qualification obtained, vocational specificity facilitates initial labour market placement, resulting in a reduced mismatch risk and an increase in initial jobs status. In the course of subsequent labour market adjustments, however, holders of general qualifications attain higher status gains when changing jobs. Likewise, the overqualified can make up for a good part of their initial status penalty on labour market entrance through job changes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.