血管内皮生长因子与结直肠癌的研究

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是一高度特异作用于内皮细胞的糖蛋白,是目前发现的最重要的肿瘤血管生长因子之一.结直肠癌的生长、侵袭和转移与血管内皮生长因子有密切的关系,VEGF在结直肠癌治疗中的作用日益突出.本文就VEGF的功能、在结直肠癌中的表达和治疗的作用作一综述.     

细胞死亡方式的新理念

起初人们认为不同细胞死亡方式之间潜在的细胞调节是不同的,然而,近来的研究显示细胞死亡的潜在机制较复杂,在一定情况下,不同细胞死亡方式之间相互联系甚至相互转化。对几种细胞死亡方式之间的区别和联系进行了回顾,有助于评价关键的细胞死亡途径,发现新的治疗干预措施。     

探讨甲状腺结节内钙化对甲状腺癌的临床意义

为探讨甲状腺结节内钙化与甲状腺癌的关系,本文对手术病理证实的145例212个甲状腺钙化结节超声声像图表现进行回顾性分析,按照钙化的大小、形状及位置进行分型,统计癌性结节与非癌结节出现各类钙化的比例。结论为甲状腺良、恶性肿瘤均可出现钙化,位于内部、斑点状、针尖样或砂粒样的微钙化结节往往提示恶性可能。超声检查对诊断甲状腺疾...     

多发性硬化患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋T细胞与可溶性细胞因子表达的相关性研究

CD4＋CD25＋T细胞和可溶性细胞因子在多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis,MS）发生和发展中起重要作用。本文通过探讨MS患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋T细胞数量及可溶性细胞因子与MS病情的关系,为进一步研究MS的发病机制和采取有效治疗措施奠定了基础。     

中药及其提取物防治血管内皮细胞损伤的研究概况

血管内皮细胞衬覆于血管内膜表面,不仅是血液与血管壁之间的屏障,更是重要的内分泌和效应器官,内皮细胞损伤和功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化发生的启动步骤。近年来的研究表明,中药及其提取物对血管内皮细胞具有保护作用,因此对防治动脉粥样硬化相关疾病有重要的意义。     

电视胸腔镜下肺癌切除术应用体会

电视胸腔镜手术被视为20世纪末期胸外科界革命性的一大突破,是微创胸腔外科应用范围最为广阔的胸腔镜手术。其中,腔镜下治疗非小细胞肺癌的肺叶切除术是胸外科微创的代表性手术,其创伤小、恢复快、并发症发生率低等优点日益明显。尽管胸腔镜肺癌切除的安全性及有效性得到普遍认可,而且胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌患者也取得了良好的效果,但目前...     

Imagining the Future of Photoacoustic Mammography

How can a realistic ethical imagination about the future of a technology take shape? This article contains a reflection which is based on the experiences of an embedded ethicist in the context of biophysical research conducive to the development of photoacoustic mammography, which is intended for the non-invasive detection of breast cancer. Imagination in this context already informs the activities of the biophysical researchers, but its role is limited: biophysical future scenarios concentrate on the technological advances that photoacoustics could bring about. In this article it is argued that it is advisable to also consider the medical practice and the ways in which this practice is likely to change as an effect of the introduction of photoacoustic mammography into it. On the basis of this more encompassing imaginative endeavor it is possible to get a clearer idea about how new technologies are able to contribute to human well being, which is informative for the setting of research-goals/priorities and a responsible implementation of new technologies into the world.     

浅谈神经干细胞在临床应用中的伦理问题

神经干细胞在治疗中枢神经系统退形性病变中发挥重要作用,但在其移植治疗中也面临着一些问题,例如伦理问题及技术问题。如何合理地引导人们正确地认识这项研究,消除对神经干细胞移植治疗的种种误解,使全社会都能客观理性地面对这一新兴医疗技术,看到这一技术的巨大应用前景是我们要继续努力的目标。     

MUSLIM PERSPECTIVES ON STEM CELL RESEARCH AND CLONING

In Islam, the acquisition of knowledge is a form of worship. But human achievement must be exercised in conformity with God's will. Warnings against feelings of superiority often are coupled with the command to remain within the confines of God's laws and limits. Because of the fear of arrogance and disregard of the balance created by God, any new knowledge or discovery must be applied with careful consideration to maintaining balance in the creation. Knowledge must be applied to ascertain equity and justice for all of humanity. Research in Islam must be linked to the broad ethical base set forth in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Whether embryonic stem cell research or cloning is ethically acceptable in Islam depends on the benefits derived from such applications. What is most important for the scholars is to adhere to the concepts of compassion, mercy, and benefit to everyone.     

癌痛治疗指南解析

对多国成人癌痛指南进行检索、回顾,发现近年癌痛治疗领域新进展和各国普遍遵循的共同原则,为临床医生改进癌痛治疗提供参考。采用现有的互联网临床实践指南检索平台,对成人癌痛指南进行检索,分析各国指南的异同之处,重点对疼痛评估、WHO三阶梯药物治疗及辅助治疗进行比较、归纳。全面的癌痛评估是指痛治疗的必要前提,也是众多癌痛指南强调的重点;按疼痛程度选择三阶梯镇痛药物仍是药物止痛的基本原则;口服途径是止痛治疗的首选给药途径;第一阶梯药物中阿司匹林的应用逐渐淡化,NSAIDs的毒性反应受到关注;第二阶梯药物的选择更灵活。应根据疼痛性质、患者的具体情况合理选择复合制荆。吗啡仍是强阿片类药物中的首选,可用于中、重度疼痛的治疗。因此,我国成人癌痛治疗需要改进,应重点推广全面的疼痛评估,提倡根据患者的具体情况合理、灵活的选择三阶梯药物,个体化治疗是止痛治疗的关键。