肿瘤患者的认知纠治及“圆桌诊疗”的启示

分析肿瘤患者认知过程中常见的不良认知,认为改变不良认知是治疗肿瘤的第一步。在认知纠治中,通过“圆桌诊疗”模式可巧妙地树立肿瘤患者的正确认识;有助于分析其错误的思维类型;并通过树立榜样的“示范”、成立自救组织与“集体疗法”以及提供沟通倾述的平台和管道,进而实现对肿瘤患者不良的认知纠治。“圆桌诊疗”的模式和方法正是在潜移默化中,通过融合了集体治疗、心理疏导、示范疗法、情境疗法、交友疗法等而起到了纠正不良认知的作用。     

把握年轻子宫内膜癌妇女保留生育功能的决策点

年轻子宫内膜癌妇女的生育功能保护现已成为临床医生在临床处置中难以回避的问题之一。选择保留生育功能的同时则必须面对可能存在的病灶残留、病情进展、肿瘤复发,甚至死亡的风险。如何权衡利弊,选择对患者最为有利的治疗方案,如何把握年轻子宫内膜癌妇女保留生育功能的决策点？需深入了解疾病知识、研究进展、患者病情及保守处置的适应证,综合分析判断进行决策。     

卵巢上皮性癌治疗后血清CA125再升高的治疗选择：积极化疗，抑或是观察等待？

卵巢上皮性癌是恶性程度、病死率极高的卵巢肿瘤,几乎所有的经规范治疗后的卵巢上皮性癌都存在复发风险,复发较大程度上意味着不良预后,甚至死亡。与卵巢癌相关的肿瘤抗原（CA125）是观察、诊断卵巢上皮性癌术后复发的敏感指标,对复发早期无影像学证据,仅单纯 CA125升高的卵巢上皮性癌患者是积极化疗,抑或是观察等待？一直是妇科肿瘤学术界争论的问题。怎样既能通过积极治疗快速缓解病情,又避免过度化疗带来的副作用？本文对此争论作一讨论,以期得出明确的观点,指导临床工作。     

老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量及其影响因素的研究

调查老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量现状及其影响因素,为护理干预和健康管理提供依据。选择我院2013年6月至2014年1月收治的老年膀胱癌患者142例作为研究对象,于患者术后3个月采用膀胱癌特异性量表（FACT-BL）,社会支持评定量表（SSRS）进行数据收集。结果老年膀胱癌患者术后FACT-BL平均得分为（94．33＆#177;8．31）分,SSRS平均得分为（33．70＆#177;4．42）分,不同手术方式躯体状况（PWB）,社会/家庭状况（FWB）,FACT-BL 得分差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量与社会支持呈正相关关系（P＜0．05）。手术方式与老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量密切相关,应结合患者的具体情况选择合适的手术方式,实时观察患者的社会支持水平。     

手术治疗在晚期乳腺癌中的应用价值

乳腺癌已经成为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。虽然乳腺癌的早期诊断和治疗水平已经得到了很大水平的提高,但是仍有相当一部分患者在诊断时就已经存在远处转移,或者在术后出现局部复发以及远处转移。对于手术治疗在这些晚期乳腺癌患者中的作用,目前还存在很大的争议。本文对相关内容进行了探讨,认为晚期乳腺癌的治疗需要多学科协作的综合治疗,不应该忽视手术这个重要的治疗手段,从而使晚期的患者也能获得长期生存甚至治愈的机会。     

纳米金材料在肿瘤诊治研究中的相关进展

目前肿瘤的早期诊断依然是需要攻克的难关,现有的抗肿瘤药物因具有较大毒性且缺乏组织特异性而存在很大的局限性.纳米金基于能够被多种基团修饰后获得对肿瘤细胞的靶向性的特点逐渐成为当前抗肿瘤研究的热点.纳米金自身具有独特的生物活性,同时具有光热效应,也可以作为载体负载药物,以上3种特点均可应用于新药物的开发,用于肿瘤诊治方面的研究.本文从这三个方面描述了近期纳米金的研究进展.     

The Impact of Cancer on Psychological and Social Outcomes

Cancer is now the biggest cause of mortality worldwide. Although the debilitating physical symptoms of cancer have long been known, the psychological and social impacts of cancer have become the subject of examination only relatively recently. The psychological outcomes that have been examined are primarily negative emotional variables, e.g., anxiety, but emerging research has focused on positive emotional variables, e.g., post‐traumatic growth, or cognitive outcomes. In this article, we provide a synthesis of reviews that have addressed the psychosocial impact of cancer. The framework for this synthesis is provided by a conceptualisation in which the presence of cancer impacts on psychosocial outcomes either directly or via mediating variables, including physical symptoms and treatment, and that this effect may be moderated by several variables, some characteristic of the person with cancer (demographic or personality‐related variables) and some characteristic of their environment (social support and medical variables). We also briefly examine the impact of cancer on the broader family unit following cancer diagnosis, treatment, survivorship and bereavement. We conclude that the heterogeneity of the cancer experience highlights the need for theoretically driven research and consistency in measurement approaches to determine mechanisms by which cancer exerts influence on psychosocial outcomes. This would allow development and delivery of targeted psychological interventions and a clearer delineation of the roles of the various parties, including clinical psychologists, family members and policymakers.     

A Network Analysis Investigation of Disordered Eating Across Demographic and Developmental Subpopulations Using a National Epidemiological Sample of High School Students

Disordered eating (DE) poses a large societal burden, yet limited research has examined DE from a developmental epidemiological perspective. It is important to consider how demographics influence DE symptoms to inform prevention and early intervention programs across diverse subpopulations. Therefore, we conducted network analyses using a large nationally representative epidemiological sample of high school students (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States; n = 59,582) to identify the most important symptoms and symptom relationships among six DE behaviors. We compared networks by sex, grade, and race to identify differences in symptom networks. Dieting for weight loss was highly central across networks. Networks significantly differed across sex, grade, and race. Our results suggest that dieting for weight loss may be an early intervention target for eating disorders, regardless of demographic and developmental factors. In addition, sex, race, and age should be accounted for when researching and developing prevention programs for DE and eating disorders. Public health officials, as well as mental health professionals, should present a more balanced message about dieting and weight loss to high school students to prevent the detrimental impact of DE on physical and mental health. Notably, this study is the first large, nationwide epidemiological sample using DE symptoms in network analysis.     

大连市健康体检成人甲状腺结节流行病学研究

本研究对2009年6月至2010年6月大连市成人健康体检10 357例,进行甲状腺结节的流行病学和危险因素分析。结果表明甲状腺结节的总体患病率为43.79%,男性和女性分别为37.75%和50.77%,女性患病率高于男性,且与年龄有非常明显的关系。另外,甲状腺结节的危险因素为不良的生活和工作方式,尤其是饮食习惯,不同性...     

全胸腔镜肺癌切除术在肺癌治疗中的应用

本文概述了全胸腔镜肺癌切除术的发展史、适应证、手术方法及临床疗效,证实全胸腔镜下肺癌切除术是一种安全、微创且疗效确切的手术,是未来肺癌外科治疗的主要手段之一,也将成为一个新的研究热点。此外,还展望了全胸腔镜下肺癌切除术的发展方向。