伦理与审美的双重奏——儒家之礼的人类学解析

借鉴人类学关于仪式的研究成果,探讨传统儒家之礼对个体身心进行调节和实现社会整合的内在机制。儒家对礼进行建构的过程中,通过一系列具有审美意味的象征符号,展演了内在的伦理精神和道德理念,释放了个体的感性情感和欲望;通过赋予和强化个体的社会角色与身份,礼为个体生命的价值实现提供了一个构建意义的场域,同时也完成了对于个体的社会调控。     

空间-时间联合编码效应:表现、影响因素及其理论

空间?时间联合编码效应(spatial-temporal association of response codes effect,STEARC)是指时间的心里表征具有空间特性。这种时空关联现象具有多方向性、多通道性和不同文化背景下优势轴的差异性。影响这种现象的因素主要有阅读和书写习惯、语言、空间参考框架和情绪状态等。目前空间?时间联合编码效应的理论解释主要有隐喻构念观、具身理论、命题符号理论和知觉符号理论等。未来的研究需要进一步综合三条空间轴线,深入探讨空间?时间联合编码效应的影响因素及其神经生理机制。     

The Wisdom Jar

Abstract

Supervisors can use a wide range of skills and exercises when terminating counseling supervision with supervisees at the end of a practicum class. This article presents an experiential creative activity, the Wisdom Jar, as a metaphor for discussing specific lessons with supervisees. The use of creativity and the integration of symbols and metaphors provided supervisees with images to reflect upon after completing a counseling practicum clinical experience.     

How should utilitarians think about the future?

Abstract

Utilitarians must think collectively about the future because many contemporary moral issues require collective responses to avoid possible future harms. But current rule utilitarianism does not accommodate the distant future. Drawing on my recent books Future People and Ethics for a Broken World, I defend a new utilitarianism whose central ethical question is: What moral code should we teach the next generation? This new theory honours utilitarianism’s past and provides the flexibility to adapt to the full range of credible futures – from futures broken by climate change to the digital, virtual and predictable futures produced by various possible technologies.     

Langdon Gilkey: In Memoriam

Abstract:  Langdon Gilkey died on November 19, 2004. This "Theology Update" reviews his career and examines elements in his systematic theology such as: (1) fallenness in human nature; (2) the transcendence and graciousness of God: (3) the Neo‐Orthodox agenda; (4) creation and the dialogue with science; and (4) inter‐religious dialogue. Gilkey's theological method of responding to human experience with the Christian message through a process of interpreting symbols is critically evaluated. This article is published simultaneously in Dialog and Theology and Science .     

物体隐含的形状信息对图片再认的影响

采用移动窗口技术探讨阅读中信息在头脑中的表征方式和激活策略。实验材料分为句子和图片。按句子隐含形状与再认图片的匹配关系分为匹配与不匹配版本。实验1在中文条件下验证知觉符号理论;实验2进一步探讨知觉符号的激活策略。采用相关样本t检验对图片的反应时进行分析,结果发现实验1中匹配再认时显著短于不匹配再认时;实验2中匹配与不匹配再认时无显著差异。从而支持知觉符号理论并进一步说明知觉符号的激活是策略性加工过程。     

Computational explorations of perceptual symbol systems theory

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we provide a methodological pathway from theories of situated, embodied cognition to simulations with an eye to empirical evidence, and suggest a possible cross-fertilization between cognitive robotics and psychology. Psychological theories, in particular those formulated at an abstract level, include models which are often severely underspecified at the level of mechanisms. This is true in the synchronic, constructive perspective (how can the effects observed in experiments be concretely generated by the model's mechanisms?) and in the diachronic, developmental perspective (how can such mechanisms be learned and developed?). The synthetic method of artificial cognitive systems research, and in particular of cognitive robotics, can complement research in psychology (and neurosciences) by exploring the constructive and developmental aspects of theories. Our second aim is to provide an example of such a methodology by describing simulations aiming at developing a perceptual symbol system (PSS) (Barsalou, 1999). We then describe the two main theoretical constructs of the PSS, perceptual symbols and simulators, illustrate their development in an artificial system, and test the system in prediction, categorization, and abstraction tasks.     

符号、意义与心理学的文化取向——兼以符号及其意义为中心比较当代三种心理学取向

文化取向心理学以符号及其意义为研究重心,着重研究符号及其意义与人的心理和行为的关系,从符号及其意义生成与演变的角度探讨人的心理的形成与发展。这一重心与当代整个心理学的总的重心是一致的,体现出当代心理学研究重心的转变。不过,它与其它取向心理学的研究目的、侧重点和意义观并不完全相同。为更好地了解它,有必要从比较的角度进一步探究。通过比较,可以引发人们新的思考。     

Analytic Meditative Therapy as the Inverse of Symbol Formation and Reification

Western psychotherapy tends to regard the mind and mental distress in terms of differing theoretical models. Mental distress can be also be usefully viewed as the result of erroneous reification—the confusing of symbols and concepts with reality. This paper describes the theory and practice of analytic meditative therapy. Inspired by non-dual Buddhist and other eastern wisdom traditions, it uses meditative and cognitive processes to control anxiety, deconstruct reified symbols and encourage contemplative resting in non-dual mental space, where reality and its appearance are coemergent and coalesced but distinct, and healing occurs naturally without the need for any specific additional effort.Jonathan R. Harrison was born in Manchester, England in 1943. He has a master’s degree in physics and mathematics from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. He studied non-dual therapy with Dr. Peter Fenner in France and Israel and during a personal retreat at a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in India. Inspired by non-dual Buddhist and other wisdom traditions—Dzogchen and Mahamudra, Zen and Madhyamika, Advaita and Taoism—he currently lives and works in Israel, teaching analytical meditative therapy to individuals and groups.     

Heinrich Hertz’s Neo-Kantian Philosophy of Science, and its Development by Harald Høffding

Summary  This article is an investigation of parallel themes in Heinrich Hertz’s philosophy science and Kant’s theory of schemata, symbols and regulative ideas. It is argued that Hertz’s “pictures” bears close similarities to Kantian “schemata”, that is, they are rules linking concepts to intuitions and provide them with their meaning. Kant’s distinction between symbols and schemata is discussed and related to Hertz’s three pictures of mechanics. It is argued that Hertz considered his own picture of mechanics (the “hidden mass” picture) as symbolic in a different way than the force and energy pictures. In the final part of the article it is described how Harald H?ffding soon after the publication of Hertz’s Principles of Mechanics developed a general theory of analogical reasoning, relying on the ideas of Hertz and Kant.