二语情绪概念理解中的空间隐喻

采用空间启动范式考察二语情绪概念理解中是否激活空间信息, 即是否存在空间隐喻。实验1探讨单通道二语情绪概念理解中的空间隐喻, 实验2则探讨跨通道二语情绪概念理解中的空间隐喻。实验1中让32名母语为汉语的汉-英双语者先看一个英文情绪词, 接着进行视觉空间位置判断, 最后再让被试判断之前呈现的情绪词是积极词还是消极词。实验2中40名母语为汉语的汉-英双语者完成跟实验1类似的任务, 不同之处为英文情绪词以听觉形式呈现。两个实验的结果表明, 跨语言和跨通道的情绪词的空间隐喻受到空间位置方向的影响。垂直位置方向上, 二语情绪词在单通道和跨通道中都表现出了空间隐喻; 水平位置方向上, 二语情绪词没有表现出空间隐喻。该结果说明了情绪概念的空间隐喻会受到个体经验的影响, 进一步支持了知觉符号理论。     

Body–Mind Integrality: Remarks on the Nature and Origin of Universe and Life

This article summarizes scientific knowledge in the fields of quantum physics and medical science regarding the origin and the nature of the universe and life. The recent discoveries in the fields of biophysics, genetics, epigenetics, neuroscience, and psychosomatics describe the universe and life as highly coherent systems where information is a key factor. In this concept living systems are cognitive networks in a dynamic relationship with their environment. Health in this context is a dynamic balance in a subject in which the information flows functionally. Disease is identified as a pathology of information that can be classified in a new way, considering two different codes of meaning—the semiotic and the symbolic.     

The dream between “here‐and‐now” and “there‐and‐then”

The analysand recounts his/her dream now, and here, in the setting. Though a dream may be recounted repeatedly, the human situation in which the recounting takes place is unrepeatable. Each moment of the analytic relationship is unique, and the recounting is essentially relational. Even if the dreamer were to read from a written text, his/her voice and non‐verbal aspects would render the communication unique. Not only the recounting but also the content recounted may present relational aspects, manifest or latent, but of a relational nature different from that of the session “here‐ and‐now”. The dream dreamt belongs to the “there‐and‐then”, and its analysis, like every analysis, implies an objectification. The analyst reacts to the recounted dream, trying to objectify it in its “there‐and‐then” and also inviting the dreamer to a common task. Working on the manifest content, free associations and interpretations of symbols, they voyage through the time and space of the analysand's life. The recounted dream involves the “here‐and‐now” of the session and asks to be meaningful as a cue in the analytic dialogue (what is the meaning of recounting this dream at this moment). At the same time it refers back to the dream dreamt, to a “there‐and‐then” which, if it is not to remain “an unopened letter”, must be received as an enigmatic challenge and a window on the unconscious, open and ready to close. Thinking of an opening of the dreamer's unconscious the analyst may find himself/herself faced with an opening of his/her own unconscious.     

Extending the classical view of representation

Representation has always been a central part of models in cognitive science, but this idea has come under attack. Researchers advocating the alternative approaches of perceptual symbol systems, situated action, embodied cognition, and dynamical systems have argued against central assumptions of the classical representational approach to mind. We review the core assumptions of the representational view and these four suggested alternatives. We argue that representation should remain a core part of cognitive science, but that the insights from these alternative approaches must be incorporated into models of cognitive processing.     

树的神话的象征意义及其心理分析探索

世界各民族都有一些有关树木的神话传说,在这些故事中,渗透着丰富而又深刻的心理分析思想。本文以荣格的心理分析理论为基础,通过介绍世界各民族有关世界树的神话,探索树的象征意义及其作为一种原型意象所传达的无意识的信息,并与古今释梦理论相结合,阐述树及其神话的临床心理分析意义。     

When Words Are No Longer Necessary: The Gift of Ritual

SUMMARY

This study is an exploration of non-verbal forms of communication which have become ritualised, particularly m the care of people with dementia. Rituals, which are culturally determined, may be inclusive or exclusive; they may lose their meaning or send out mixed messages, but m general they uphold the structure of society. There is a strong link between religion and ritual and for people with dementia, ritual may be extremely important m maintaining their sense of belonging within the community of faith. It looks at some of the issues to be addressed when worshipping with people with dementia.     

现象学如何理解符号与含义?(一)

现象学把近代思想的主客体的对立关系及其思维模式化解为意向活动与其构造的意向相关项之间的意向性联系,从而将自己定位在以心理体验活动为研究对象的心理学和以思维内容为研究对象的逻辑学之间。这个基本思维态度和思维方式也体现在现象学对语言、符号和意义的理解与分析上。本文试图通过对胡塞尔第一逻辑研究的意向分析的重构来展示现象学分析的这一基本特征,同时也指明语言问题在胡塞尔现象学中的重要位置。