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Sharon Bond 《Journal of Family Therapy》2010,32(3):326-329
This article focuses on an exercise to facilitate students' self‐evaluation at the end of a course year. It describes an externalizing technique using objects as metaphors . Although developed in the context of a foundation level course, it is equally relevant for evaluating learning at any stage. 相似文献
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时间加工与空间距离加工的关系主要有两种, 一种是在空距离–空时距以及动物的研究中, 时间加工影响空间距离加工, 空间距离加工影响时间加工, 两者相互影响, 存在对称的干扰, 这种关系与注意和记忆有关。另一种是在实距离–实时距中, 空间距离加工影响时间加工, 而时间加工不受空间距离加工的影响, 时间加工和空间距离加工之间具有不对称的干扰。时空关系的不对称与隐喻理论、人们的感知运动经验和时空信息的显著性有关。神经机制上, 右顶叶皮质、侧顶内区、左顶叶皮质、小脑、前额等参与时间加工和空间距离加工, 但两种加工涉及到的神经机制也有部分差异。未来可以从时间加工的分段性、不同条件下时间加工和空间距离加工的心理机制以及脑机制进行研究。 相似文献
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Antje Jackeln 《Zygon》2006,41(3):623-632
Abstract. Emergence is a powerful concept marked by great emotional, aesthetic, and intellectual appeal. It makes inroads into the understanding of the most diverse phenomena. Emergence appears to have the potential of explaining anything from the behavior of atoms, ant colonies, and traffic jams to insurance risks, human consciousness, and divine action. Philip Clayton's book Mind and Emergence (2004) offers much‐needed clarification of the philosophical grounding of emergence theory. To a large extent, emergence hinges on the concept of levels and hierarchies in nature. The preferred metaphor is that of a ladder. Given the tendency of concepts like emergence to build ideology, a careful analysis of language and metaphor is called for, however. I argue that the preference for the ladder metaphor does not do justice to the differentiated relationality that is a distinct mark of emergence. This oversight may have detrimental consequences when emergence theory is transferred from natural to social and cultural processes. A hermeneutical analysis suggests that better metaphors and visualizations need to be found. As an invitation to consider alternatives, some examples of complex regular poly topes are offered. 相似文献
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Guichun Guo 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):437-453
The essential significance of scientific metaphor lies in applying the general metaphorical theory to specific interpretations
and elaborations of scientific theories to form a methodology of scientific explanation. It is a contextual grasp of objective
reality. A given metaphorical context and its grasp of the essence of reality can only be valid when the context is continually
restructured. Taking the context as a whole, the methodological characteristic of scientific metaphor lies in the unity of
understanding and choice, experience and concepts, semantic structures and metaphorical domains, rationality and irrationality.
As a form of thinking based on reasons, scientific metaphor plays an important role in invention, representation, explanation,
evaluation, and communication.
Translated by Liu Yiyu from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China), 2004, (2): 92–101 相似文献
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关于隐喻的研究和应用在各个领域都有体现,并且呈现日趋增多的趋势,迄今隐喻已经成为工业心理学研究的一项重要课题。文章介绍了国外隐喻的理论发展、隐喻在各个领域的应用研究,以及总结了目前隐喻研究中所存在的一些问题。隐喻理论从早期的局限于语言修辞的传统理论到具有广泛意义的现代认知理论,从揭示隐喻“靶”事物和“源”事物内在关系的相互作用理论到隐喻对事物逼真性的构造理论,这一系列的概念、理论发展和演化过程充分体现了隐喻在人类的认知和语言发展中的所具有的重要意义。随着理论研究的深入,隐喻在各个领域的应用也越来越普遍,这些领域包括网络技术、工程设计、人机交互、组织行为、企业管理等。然而目前对隐喻应用和研究仍旧存在一些局限性,例如研究者的工作大都局限于描述性和解释性的研究,在使用隐喻思想进行的设计和评价时也仍旧缺乏一个操作性的参照基准,因此更为全面和深入地探讨对于隐喻的进一步研究和应用有十分重要的意义。文章以此为出发点,通过提供隐喻研究和应用一个整体的框架,为进一步研究提供一些参考和启示。 相似文献
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Gregory R. Peterson 《Zygon》2001,36(3):395-405
Panentheism has received widespread support among theologians involved in the religion-science dialogue, due in no small part to the success with which panentheism addresses a range of issues. Nevertheless, panentheism as a theological premise needs continued development and elucidation. Panentheism is often presented as a theoretical model of the God-world relationship, yet the supporting arguments rely on metaphors that are varied and open-ended. Analogy from the mind-body relationship leads to a "weak" panentheism that emphasizes the presence of God, while whole-part analogies suggest a "strong" panentheism that emphasizes some level of identity between God and the world. In turn, these analogies and metaphors bear nontrivial similarities to early Trinitarian and Christological debates in their treatment of God and world as distinct substances. This similarity suggests the importance of panentheistic approaches. Nevertheless, panentheists need to further clarify the relation of theory and metaphor in their work, as well as more precisely develop the central claim that God is in the world. 相似文献