"Flash for life": Community-based prompting for safety belt promotion

A community-based strategy for promoting safety belt use was field-tested in two adjacent rural communities, one populated by a preponderance of students, faculty, and staff of a major university. The intervention involved the front-seat passenger of a stopped vehicle displaying to the driver of an adjacent, stopped vehicle an 11 x 14 inch flash card that read, "PLEASE BUCKLE UP-I CARE." If the driver buckled up, the "flasher" flipped over the card and displayed the message, "THANK YOU." This flash card was shown to 1,087 unbuckled drivers; 82% of these drivers looked at the flash card and 22% of these complied with the buckle-up request. Compliance was not influenced by the age or gender of the "flasher" (young child vs. college student), nor by the gender of the driver; but significantly more drivers in the university town buckled up following the flash card presentation (25% mean compliance in the college town vs. 14% in the other community). To date, over 2,000 individuals have received a buckle-up flash card for their own use.     

LARGE-SCALE REDUCTIONS IN SPEEDING AND ACCIDENTS IN CANADA AND ISRAEL: A BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

We assessed the effects of posted feedback and warning ticket programs on speeding and accidents in two cities. In Experiment 1, speeding feedback signs were effective even when 10 were used in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, and reductions in speeding were associated with reductions in accidents. The effectiveness of the signs was correlated with the number of intersections and residences within 0.5 km beyond them, and the signs had no effect on untreated streets. In Experiment 2, posted feedback and a warning program reduced speeding and accidents on 14 streets in Haifa, Israel.     

社区卫生服务——体现效率与公正特征的改革之路

社区卫生服务比较全面地体现了公正与效率的原则,是卫生改革的一项重大举措。它公正有效地突破了固有的卫生体制;公正有效地实现了“人人享有初级卫生保健”的目的;公正有效地推进了医学模式的转移;公正有效地抓住了纠风的症结;公正有效地解决了医疗费居高不下的顽症。     

解释水平对品牌联想和品牌延伸评估的影响

由于人们更加关切与其解释水平相匹配的信息、经验和事物, 解释水平能够系统性地影响人们的判断与决策。本研究将解释水平视为重要的调节变量, 探查它对消费者的品牌联想和品牌延伸评估的可能影响。实验一用于检验来源于个体差异的不同解释水平(高与低)的被试, 对于同一品牌是否产生不同形态(原型性与范例性)的品牌联想以及探查它们之间的相对数量关系。实验二采用2(解释水平：高vs.低)×2(契合类型：原型性契合vs.范例性契合)组内和组间因子混合设计, 用于检验基于时间距离的解释水平是否调节契合类型对品牌延伸评估的影响关系。实验研究结果发现：在接触到品牌名称时, 具有高水平解释倾向的消费者, 将比低水平解释倾向的消费者, 呈现更多的原型性联想; 而具有低水平解释倾向的消费者, 将比高水平解释倾向的消费者, 呈现更多的范例性联想; 在低水平解释条件下, 消费者对范例性契合延伸产品的评估要好于对原型性契合延伸产品的评估; 而在高水平解释条件下, 消费者对原型性契合延伸产品的评估要好于对范例性契合延伸产品的评估。     

最心安处是吾乡：本体安全感威胁对家乡品牌偏好的影响

全球化进程的加快和贸易战的发生让人们处于一种本体不安全的状态中,即人们的本体安全感受到了威胁。本文研究了消费者本体安全感威胁对家乡品牌偏好的影响。三项研究的结果表明,相比本体安全感没有受到威胁的个体,本体安全感受到威胁的个体对家乡品牌的偏好度更高,其中家乡依恋起到了中介作用。具体而言,本体安全感受到威胁的个体更倾向于依恋可以提供常规生活和构建个人身份的家乡,以此寻求本体安全感恢复,从而增加了对家乡品牌的偏好。实验结果还发现,自然栖息地情境展露在本体安全感威胁对家乡品牌偏好的作用中起到调节作用。具体而言,当展露于自然栖息地情境时,本体安全感受到威胁的个体能够通过对自然栖息地这一更广泛的地点依恋来对抗本体安全感威胁,不再需要寻求家乡依恋来缓解本体安全感威胁,从而使其在对家乡品牌和非家乡品牌的偏好上不再呈现出差异。本研究的发现丰富了现有本体安全感和品牌偏好的相关研究,为品牌提供了一种新的本土营销策略,具有丰富的理论贡献和管理启示。     

体验病人痛苦:医学力量的源泉

通过对两个叙事医学案例的详细分析试图表明,叙事医学兼具理论与实践的双重特性,它所企图构建的“医患共同体”不仅可以通过促进医患沟通而使患者在当下获得更有尊严、更高质量的医疗服务,在更深意义上,它可以帮助医者“看见真实之人:从恻隐之心到相互成就”、“看见平等之人:从视域融合到人格认同”。通过体验病人的痛苦从而超越技术主义与“知识-权力”的认知局限,弥合医患分裂,提升甚至成就医者自身,推动实现医学的至高价值。     

社区临终关怀服务的经验借鉴与路径选择

采用政策分析法和比较分析法,梳理典型国家和地区在社区临终关怀服务体系和运行机制方面存在的先进做法,并依据我国国情,围绕项目规划、床位设置、服务对象准入条件、服务标准等方面,分析我国社区临终关怀体系的不足;提出加强政府政策引导、动员社会多主体参与、细化社区临终关怀服务标准、完善配套措施等方面的建议。期望在老龄化背景下,为有效提升我国临终关怀服务能力、推动老年服务体系的完善提供有力的智力支持。     

Civic learning and teaching as a resource for sexual justice: An undergraduate religious studies course module

Civic learning and teaching, a form of critical and democratically engaged pedagogy, is utilized in an upper‐level undergraduate sexual ethics course to leverage public problem solving around the sexual violence on a mid‐size Catholic collegiate campus. Through the course, students, faculty, staff, and community members work together to deepen understanding of the causes and consequences of sexual violence within society and the local community in order to evaluate and design programming for bystander intervention, education, and sexual violence prevention advocacy. After a discussion of the application of civic teaching and learning to sexual violence, the course module describes the learning outcomes and assignments used to assess them. See as well Donna Freitas's response to this essay, “The Risk and Reward of Teaching about Sexual Assault for the Theologian on a Catholic Campus,” published in this issue of the journal.     

ACTIONS AS THE TIES THAT BIND Love, Praxis, and Community in the Thought of Gustavo Gutiérrez

Gustavo Gutiérrez develops an account of human action or praxis that I—borrowing the language of Charles Taylor—label expressivist. Human action must be understood as expressing an underlying potential or impulse that only becomes real through expression in action. Gutiérrez's expressivism is fundamental to his view of the relationship between faith and love, his notion of three dimensions of liberation/salvation, and his understanding of the fundamental option as a yes or no in response to grace. Moreover, it supports a valuable approach to community as defined more by shared actions than a shared tradition or narrative. The final section briefly indicates two limitations to Gutiérrez's vision—especially with regard to the conception of community—and suggests the direction that a constructive appropriation of his thought might take.     

Conducting community‐based participatory research in an urban Malaysian community: Lessons learned and challenges in establishing partnerships

This paper presents the process of how partnerships are established between an urban residential community and an academic institution in Malaysia by employing community‐based participatory research, which involves researchers, community members, and organizational representatives as coresearchers. The research process encompasses colearning, power sharing, and coconstructing of knowledge, with the community members driving the research direction. The research paradigm is grounded on conducting research with the community. This paper highlights the experience and lessons learned while applying the principles of community‐based participatory research that promotes social participation of older persons living in a residential community. Two pertinent challenges surface in the research process. The first challenge involves the complexity noted in the gap between the emancipation of community‐based participatory research and the hierarchical social structure of the society. The second challenge is the prevalence of unspoken yet subtle domination that undermines the local cultural values affecting the process of coconstructing knowledge with the community. Recommendations for addressing these challenges include future partnerships with other Malaysian communities as well as cross‐border research partnerships.