Can boundary crossings in clinical supervision be beneficial?

Published studies have addressed boundary violations by clinical supervisors, but boundary crossings, particularly those deemed positive by supervisees, have not received much attention. Eleven trainees in APA-accredited doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology were interviewed regarding positive boundary crossings (PBCs) they experienced with clinical supervisors. Interview data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research. Examples of PBCs included socializing with supervisors outside the office, sharing car rides, and supervisor self-disclosure. Typically, supervisees did not discuss the PBC with their supervisors because they were uncomfortable doing so, felt that the PBC was normal, or felt that processing such issues was not part of the supervisor’s style. Most supervisees viewed the PBCs as enhancing the supervisory relationship and their clinical training; however, some participants reported that the PBCs created role confusion. The results suggest that there are legitimate reasons for supervisors to be scrupulous about their boundaries with supervisees; however, supervisors who hold rigid boundaries can deprive supervisees of deeper mentoring relationships or a more authentic emotional relationship that can be valuable to supervisees learning how to provide psychotherapy.     

An Evolutionary Life History Framework for Psychopathology

In this article, I outline a general framework for the evolutionary analysis of mental disorders based on the concepts of life history theory. I synthesize and extend a large body of work showing that individual differences in life history strategy set the stage for the development of psychopathology. My analysis centers on the novel distinction between fast spectrum and slow spectrum disorders. I describe four main causal pathways from life history strategies to psychopathology, argue that psychopathology can arise at both ends of the fast–slow continuum of life history variation, and provide heuristic criteria for classifying disorders as fast or slow spectrum pathologies. I then apply the fast–slow distinction to a diverse sample of common mental disorders: externalizing disorders, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, eating disorders, and depression. The framework integrates previously disconnected models of psychopathology within a common frame of reference and has far-reaching implications for the classification of mental disorders.     

中西方思维方式的文化差异研究——二元对立与连续统合的视角

目的:验证中西方在思维方式上存在二元对立与连续统合的差异。方法:通过自编的中西方思维特征问卷,对中国学生47名,以及西方留学生及访问学者43名施测,收回有效问卷中国被试34名,西方被试32名。结果:中西方在思维方式上存在着显著差异,思维方式不存在性别差异。结论:中国人的思维方式是倾向于连续统合的,而西方人的思维方式是倾向于二元对立的。     

Mostly heterosexual as a distinct sexual orientation group: A systematic review of the empirical evidence

We reviewed empirical evidence regarding whether mostly heterosexual exists as a sexual orientation distinct from two adjacent groups on a sexual continuum—exclusively heterosexual and substantially bisexual. We addressed the question: Do mostly heterosexuals show a unique profile of sexual and romantic characteristics that distinguishes them as a separate sexual orientation group? We found sufficient data in four areas to support an affirmative answer. Individuals who acknowledged a mostly heterosexual orientation were distinct from adjacent sexual orientation groups in having a small degree of same-sex sexual and/or romantic attraction and, occasionally, same-sex behavior; constituted a substantial prevalence in the population; were relatively stable in their orientation over time; and reported that this sexual identity was subjectively meaningful to them. Findings suggested that self-identification as mostly heterosexual or an acknowledgment of slight same-sex sexuality increases during the teenage years, peaks around the early twenties (somewhat sooner for men than women), and remains relatively high during young adulthood. Limited evidence suggested that prevalence is lower among older participants. These findings have implications for our conceptualization of sexual orientation as a continuum, the nature of sex differences in sexuality, developmental changes in sexuality, biologically based assessments of sexual orientation, and an etiological theory of mostly heterosexuality.     

First-principles pseudopotential study of an aluminium grain boundary containing sulphur atoms

The electronic structure of an aluminium grain boundary with segregated sulphur impurity atoms has been calculated by a first-principles pseudo-potential method. It is found that a sulphur atom bonds to only one of the neighbouring aluminium atoms. This bond is a mixed-character metallic-covalent bond which is stronger than the metallic Al-Al bonds. Electrons that participate in forming this bond are 3p electrons of sulphur but not its 3s electrons. Other Al--S bonds in the boundary contain no covalent character. From the nature of Al--S bonds in the boundary it cannot be decided whether the embrittlement promotion mechanism by sulphur segregation should be classified as a 'bond mobility model' or a 'decohesion model'.     

家庭支持型主管行为对员工工作态度的影响:有调节的中介效应分析

采用问卷法调查了358名企业员工,探讨家庭支持型主管行为(FSSB)对工作满意感和离职意愿等工作态度的作用机制。结果表明:(1)FSSB对工作满意感有显著正向影响,对离职意愿有显著负向影响。(2)工作-家庭增益在FSSB与工作满意感之间起着中介作用,而工作-家庭冲突的中介作用不显著;工作-家庭增益与冲突在FSSB与离职意愿之间的中介作用均不显著。(3)边界控制感调节了FSSB—工作-家庭增益—工作满意感这一中介过程。本研究提示可通过干预FSSB来提升员工的工作态度。     

Mantle region accommodating two-dimensional grain boundary sliding in ODS ferritic steel

Two-dimensional grain-boundary sliding (GBS) was achieved microscopically in an oxide-dispersion-strengthened ferritic steel with an elongated and aligned grain structure, which was deformed perpendicular to the long axis. At the border between superplastic regions II and III, microscopic deformation was observed using sub-micron grids drawn on the material surface using a focused ion beam. GBS was accommodated by intragranular deformations in narrow areas around grain boundaries, which has been predicted by earlier researchers as characteristics of the core–mantle model. These observations suggest that dislocations slip only in the mantle regions around wavy boundaries to relax the stress concentration caused by GBS during superplasticity.     

Multi-disclinational description of pentagonal particles with subsurface layer free of twin boundaries

We present the results on the modelling of structural changes in pentagonal small particles (PSPs) during their growth. We prove that after a certain critical size it becomes energetically favourable for a PSP to form a subsurface layer free of twin boundaries (TBs), which are only typical structural elements for smaller size PSPs. In this layer, the low-angle dislocation boundaries (DBs) are formed. Our calculations of the energy stored in the transformed PSP are based on the disclination model of a PSP, in which the TB junctions, as well as TB–DB junctions are treated as wedge disclinations.     

Ministry Demand and Stress Among Korean American Pastors: A Brief Report

This study examined the relationship between ministry demand and three outcome variables among a sample of 194 Korean American pastors. Results showed that the demands of boundary ambiguity and presumptive expectations were negatively associated with well-being and positively associated with symptomatic stress. There was no association with life satisfaction. Exploratory analyses showed significant cultural differences between this sample and a non-Korean sample regarding the construct of boundary ambiguity.