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141.
Norbert A. Wetzel 《Family process》2024,63(1):17-33
Family systems therapy originated in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s through the work of innovative thinkers and clinicians. However, despite the creative contributions of the mentioned colleagues and of later innovations in family therapy theory and practice, it seems as though the dominant culture of establishment psychiatry in the United States (and in most Western countries) to this day has not seriously incorporated relationships, social context, or community connectedness into the treatment of individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. For the “psychiatric” patients diagnosed according to the DSM-5, the dominant underlying epistemological perspective is the medical “scientific” paradigm. Within this approach there is a dearth of reflections about the truthfulness of so-called “empirical facts” and a lack of skepticism about the techniques of “measurement” of the psychiatric illness. The alternative, relationship-oriented, context-sensitive, and community-connected thinking paradigm is highlighted here in contrast to the “psychiatric” foundation. This paradigm consists of (a) the awareness that all human Subjects (including “psychiatric” clients) are constituted as such by their relational connection to others; (b) the awareness of our sensitivity to and embeddedness in a socio-economic, cultural, and racial context; and (c) the awareness of our involvement in and connectedness with many kinds of communities. 相似文献
142.
To develop more accurate explanatory and predictive models of child and adolescent conduct problems, interest has grown in
examining psychopathic traits in youth. The presence or absence of these traits may help to identify unique etiological pathways
in the development of antisocial behavior. The current review provides a detailed summary and analysis of (a) the conceptualization
and measurement of child and adolescent psychopathy, (b) research on relations between psychopathic traits and a range of
conduct problems and associated variables, (c) efforts to utilize data on child and adolescent psychopathy to delineate a
subgroup of youth whose conduct problems share a relatively homogenous etiology and developmental trajectory, and (d) current
challenges and limitations in the study of youth psychopathy and directions for future research efforts. Specific sections
include the origins of the youth psychopathy construct, conceptualization and measurement, relations between psychopathic
traits and conduct problems, relations between measures of psychopathy and measures of individual and contextual variables,
efforts to identify a unique subgroup of children with conduct problems using psychopathic traits, and finally, challenges
that face the field and goals for the next generation of research. 相似文献
143.
Susanne Schmidt Pedersen 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2001,42(5):445-451
Psychosocial factors are known to impact on the prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease independently of disease severity. However, few studies have looked at whether these patients are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, and the potential implications for morbidity and mortality. Through a review of the empirical literature, the objectives were to investigate whether patients with coronary artery disease are at risk of developing this disorder, to look at relations between post-traumatic stress disorder and heart disease, and to stimulate further research. The review indicated that some patients with coronary artery disease are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, although the prevalence varied considerably. Methodological issues together with recommendations for future research are discussed. Although only some cardiac patients may develop post-traumatic stress, this disorder should not be overlooked due to its potential role in reinfarctions and mortality. 相似文献
144.
145.
Philip Browning Helsel 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(2):205-218
Telling one's story itself brings purpose to ones life, and it is an essential part of coming to grips with death. The book
of Ecclesiastes and Warren Zevon’s album The Wind express the hope for social immortality rather than an actual afterlife. Both of them are suffused with a sense of death-awareness,
although their location in time and place and the genre of their expressions are quite different. By looking closely at these
texts, one is able to ascertain certain aspects of life review which are necessary for wholeness and completion.
Hospice Chaplain CHRISTUS VNA Hospice and Palliative Care, 4415 Centerview, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
Reverend Philip Browning Helsel is a hospice chaplain at CHRISTUS Hospice in San Antontio. He received his Master of Divinity
from Princeton Theological Seminary and Clinical Pastoral Education units from Yuma Regional Medical Center in Yuma, AZ, and
is an ordained minister in the Church of God (Anderson, IN). He has been a chaplain in psychiatric and general hospital settings.
Past publications include articles in Pastoral Psychology and Presence, the Journal of Spiritual Directors International.
He is working on a book about the life review process in literature and music, and applying for membership in the Association
of Professional Chaplains. 相似文献
146.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was originally developed to prevent depressive relapse and recurrence and has also been widely extended to new patient populations and target problems over the last 14 years. We provide a comprehensive review of this literature, examining the strength of the evidence base for specific populations and target problems and identifying questions for future research to address. Specifically, we review studies addressing the use of MBCT for depressive disorders (prevention of depressive relapse and treatment of residual and current depressive symptoms), the use of MBCT in the treatment or management of other mental disorders (bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, mixed anxiety and depression symptoms, disordered eating, personality disorders, and psychosis), and the use of MBCT in behavioural medicine contexts. Additionally, we discuss the extension of MBCT during specific developmental periods, like childhood, pregnancy and post‐partum, and adult caregiving, and, finally, we address the use of MBCT among clinical health‐care providers. In the second section, we review hypothesised mechanisms of change in MBCT and reflect on implications for theories of how MBCT works in the application to various patient populations and target problems. We also consider research addressing active ingredients and what is known about the “dosage” of meditation practice. We conclude with a summary of recommendations for future research. 相似文献
147.
随着转化医学的兴起,医学伦理审查面临前所未有的机遇与挑战.如何使医学伦理审查工作更好地适应转化医学发展的需要,提高审查质量,成为亟需解决的问题.在分析当前我国医学伦理审查工作现状和主要问题的基础上,进一步探讨了可行的解决方法,如进一步明确和强化管理部门服务功能、保证伦理委员会成员多样性和重视伦理审查多视角、强化伦理委员会后续跟踪审查、规范伦理审查委员的培训与继续教育等,为我国医学伦理审查工作的规范化发展和医学伦理审查质量的进一步提高提供参考. 相似文献
148.
为了解山东省医疗机构医学伦理委员会的运行现状、人员构成和任免情况、伦理审核状况和运行情况,课题组对山东省17地市58家医疗机构进行了问卷调查.结果显示,成立医学伦理委员会的有27家,占46.55%,其中12家成立了多种类别的伦理委员会,且大部分成立时间较短.医院伦理委员会成员的总人数平均为19.89人,本单位成员占94.77%,96.30%的主任委员由行政领导兼任.调查发现,目前仍存在成员结构需完善、培训交流较欠缺、相关政策支持力度不够、伦理审核能力有待加强等问题. 相似文献
149.
David Winter Siobhan Bradshaw Frances Bunn David Wellsted 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2014,14(1):64-79
Scope of review: The paper reports a meta‐synthesis of 13 qualitative studies of counselling and psychotherapy with people at risk of suicide. Publication time span: The studies considered were reported between 1997 and 2006. Publication origin: Seven studies were conducted in the UK, four in the USA, one in Canada, and one in Sweden. Findings: Themes in clients' and therapists' accounts of the process of counselling or psychotherapy were therapist qualities; therapy components; theoretical framework; and therapy techniques. Themes in their accounts of the effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy were decrease in self‐destructive behaviour, and quality of life. Themes in clients' views of barriers to effective counselling or psychotherapy were therapist characteristics; therapy components; secrecy; and transferring to the real‐life situation. Secrecy was also identified as a barrier by therapists, as were responsibilities of the profession; training; and the nature of suicide and self‐harm. Facilitators of successful counselling and psychotherapy as identified by clients were responsibility; support; and teaching therapy skills to family members, the latter also being identified by therapists. 相似文献
150.
《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2014,14(2):145-153
The objective of this research study was to assess pharmacological, somatic and/or psychological treatments in adults with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder who have not responded to at least one course of antidepressant medication. We conducted a systematic review to identify systematic scientific reviews and meta-analyses on treatment-resistant depression (TRD) published until February 2012. Of the sixty studies selected, sixteen met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in the review. We considered eight main themes, including the definition of TRD, long-term results, and different treatment strategies, including so-called somatic therapies. Based on the review, the definition of TRD should be standardized in order to achieve a shared conceptualization of this disorder. This would allow a better understanding among clinicians and researchers in the field, promoting a homogeneous research methodology and thus leading to more reliable and comparable results. This essential conceptual clarification would also have a positive impact on patients with TRD, their families, and social and health systems. 相似文献