全文获取类型
收费全文 | 401篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有456条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
The major challenge facing today’s biomedical researchers is the increasing competition for available funds. The competitive
review process, through which the National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards grants, is built upon review by a committee of
expert scientists. The NIH is firmly committed to ensuring that its peer review system is fair and objective.
Wendy Baldwin, Ph.D., is Deputy Director for Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health.
This paper is based on a presentation at a workshop, “Advances in Peer Review Research”, American Association for the Advancement
of Science Meeting, Baltimore, MD, February 9, 1996. 相似文献
12.
Arthur Stamps III Ph.D. 《Science and engineering ethics》1997,3(1):85-98
This paper presents a framework that editors, peer reviewers, and authors can use to identify and resolve efficiently disputes
that arise during peer review in scientific journals. The framework is called a scientific dialectical brief. In this framework,
differences among authors and reviewers are formatted into specific assertions and the support each party provides for its
position. A literature review suggests that scientists use five main types of support; empirical data, reasoning, speculation,
feelings, and status. It is suggested that the scientific dialectical brief format can streamline the review process by facilitating
rapid differentiation between stronger and weaker support, so that valuable time can be focused on the better-substantiated
claims. The paper concludes with some suggestions for implementation.
The author researches, lectures and publishes in the area of physical and social aspects of environmental quality. He is also
a practicing architect.
This paper is based on a presentation at a workshop, “Advances in Peer Review Research”, American Association for the Advancement
of Science Meeting, Baltimore, MD, February 9, 1996. 相似文献
13.
对欧洲大陆国家的法律心理学发展状况作了述评。全文包括3部分:对相关概念(犯罪心理学、审判心理学、法律心理学、司法心理学)的辨析;欧洲大陆国家法律心理学的现状;简要评价。 相似文献
14.
MATS FREDRIKSON 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1991,32(3):254-274
Psychophysiological theories on the development of essential hypertension are reviewed and evaluated. Two interconnected theories that relate behavior to essential hypertension and account for individual differences in susceptibility to disease are the "hyperreactivity" theory and "the symptom specificity" theory. The "hyperreactivity" theory identifies individual differences in autonomic nervous system reactivity as the pathophysiological mechanism and the "symptom specificity" theory suggests that inflexible, stereotypical responding increases the risk to develop hypertension. Based on a literature review, these theories are examined. There exist both case/control and prospective studies on autonomic nervous system reactivity and the development of hypertension. It is concluded that a neurogenically mediated hyperreactivity to stress is a precursor and not an effect of hypertension. Tasks that call for active but not passive coping efforts are more efficient elicitors of reactivity differences between those at high and low risk to develop hypertension in case/control studies. In prospective studies, active tasks may also have a predictive advantage over passive with respect to blood pressure development. In the early phase of hypertension, an increased cardiovascular reactivity is accompanied by increased neuroendocrine activation. In the later phase, heightened reactivity is confined to the cardiovascular system. This does not prove but is consistent with the notion that transient episodes of increased cardiac output translate into essential hypertension by causing vascular hypertrophy. Case/control studies suggest that an increased "symptom specificity", with stereotypical responding across multiple stressors, is independent of cardiovascular reactivity and a precursor of hypertension. The literature lacks prospective studies on the clinical relevance of stereotypical responding. It is suggested that the presence of both hyperreactivity and symptom specificity in a single individual increases the risk to develop essential hypertension. 相似文献
15.
The life and times of PSI 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William Buskist Ph.D. David Cush B.A. Richard J. DeGrandpre M.A. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1991,1(2):215-234
This paper describes the essential features of the personalized system of instruction (PSI). Results from outcome research examining the effectiveness of PSI-based courses relative to traditional methods provide unequivocal support for the superiority of PSI. Parametric studies, or component analyses, show that the mastery requirement, immediate performance feedback, and review units are the key features underlying high quality student performances in PSI courses. The use of student proctors as peer-tutors, optional lectures, and selfpacing do not, in and of themselves, appear to be vital to student success in PSI courses. Despite its superiority, PSI has not supplanted traditional methods as the dominant pedagogical system in higher education. Difficulties inherent in overcoming the inertia of the lecture within our established instructional system, the implications of PSI for that system, and the Zeitgeist that permeates educational reform are the major obstacles to widespread adoption of PSI. 相似文献
16.
17.
The social identity approach is fast becoming a prominent framework for understanding effective leadership in sport and exercise contexts. The last five years, in particular, has seen a proliferation of research informed by the identity leadership approach, with a focus on two broad outcomes: performance and health. Using these two key outcomes as an organising framework, we provide a critical narrative review of research that has examined the presence, role, and benefits of identity leadership in sport and exercise contexts, and identify fruitful avenues for future research. Applying a broader lens, we then make five key recommendations for future identity leadership research in sport and exercise contexts. Specifically, we highlight the need for research (a) using more rigorous and varied research designs, (b) using stronger measures, (c) comparing the effects of identity leadership to the effects of other types of leadership, (d) assessing further potential mediators of relationships between identity leadership and key outcomes, and (e) exploring the possible dark side of identity leadership. 相似文献
18.
Clinicians working in the field of acquired brain injury (ABI, an injury to the brain sustained after birth) are challenged to develop suitable care pathways for an individual client’s needs. Being able to predict psychosocial outcomes after ABI would enable clinicians and service providers to make advance decisions and better tailor care plans. Machine learning (ML, a predictive method from the field of artificial intelligence) is increasingly used for predicting ABI outcomes. This review aimed to examine the efficacy of using ML to make psychosocial predictions in ABI, evaluate the methodological quality of studies, and understand researchers’ rationale for their choice of ML algorithms. Nine studies were reviewed from five databases, predicting a range of psychosocial outcomes from stroke, traumatic brain injury, and concussion. Eleven types of ML were employed with a total of 75 ML models. Every model was evaluated as having high risk of bias, unable to provide adequate evidence for predictive performance due to poor methodological quality. Overall, there was limited rationale for the choice of ML algorithms and poor evaluation of the methodological limitations by study authors. Considerations for overcoming methodological shortcomings are discussed, along with suggestions for assessing the suitability of data and suitability of ML algorithms for different ABI research questions. 相似文献
19.
Philip Wilson Louise Marryat Lucy Thompson James Coyne Michael Allerhand 《Australian psychologist》2020,55(2):102-107
Sanders et al.'s proposal for a management framework for conflicting interests among program developers is very welcome. The underlying principles of such a framework must nevertheless prioritise the need for researchers and commissioners of services to make objective assessments of the impact of interventions reported in journal articles. This is particularly important in the field of randomised trials which may influence public sector expenditure. Using a strict definition derived from known financial conflict of interest, we have demonstrated that child-based effect sizes are much lower for independent studies than for studies with developer involvement. On this basis, we propose that journals publishing evaluations of psychosocial interventions should agree a standardised format for declarations of conflicts of interest based on that recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. 相似文献
20.
I-Kai Jeng 《Metaphilosophy》2020,51(2-3):318-334
In book X of the Republic, Plato famously reports “a quarrel between poetry and philosophy.” The present essay examines this quarrel in book X, along with other relevant parts of the Republic, by understanding “philosophy” and “poetry” as rival ways of life and rival ways of discourse. The essay first explains why, in Plato’s view, poetic discourse weakens one’s power to reason and is at odds with philosophic discourse. Then it shows how poetic discourse is bound up with a way of life that champions the value of freedom. Such a life forms a contrast with the philosophic life, which is marked more by stability and unity than by freedom. The quarrel, however, is not a simple antagonism. The essay hence concludes by discussing why, despite the opposition between the two, philosophy cannot do without poetry. 相似文献