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141.
Lana Kühle 《Philosophical Psychology》2017,30(5):571-593
Research on bodily awareness has focused on body illusions with an aim to explore the possible dissociation of our bodily awareness from our own body. It has provided insights into how our sensory modalities shape our sense of embodiment, and it has raised important questions regarding the malleability of our sense of ownership over our own body. The issue, however, is that this research fails to consider an important distinction in how we experience our body. There are indeed two ways in which we can be aware of our body: via observational awareness, which involves attending to the body as an object, and via non-observational awareness, where the body is given as the subject of experience and does not involve attention. The research to date has focused on the former—observational bodily awareness—and has left the latter—non-observational bodily awareness—in the dark. This is detrimental to ever formulating a complete account of how we are aware of our body. It is understandable, however, because of the inherent problem in studying non-observational bodily awareness: how would you instruct subjects to report on their unattended bodily awareness? In view to resolving this problem, I propose here a working hypothesis on the basis of research on interoception and the rubber hand illusion, and on the effect of meditation on awareness and attention. This working hypothesis can show us a way to begin studying non-observational bodily awareness, and finally build a complete theory of bodily awareness. 相似文献
142.
Gordon B. Forbes Leah Adams-Curtis Rebecca L. Jobe Kay B. White Jessica Revak Ivanka Zivcic-Becirevic Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian 《Sex roles》2005,53(3-4):281-298
A study of body dissatisfaction, as measured by the Figure Rating Scale (Stunkard, Sorenson, & Schlusinger, 1983) and the
Body Esteem Scale (Franzoi & Shields, 1984), in 75 college women and their mothers indicated that both daughters and mothers
experienced body dissatisfaction. When body size was statistically controlled, either no difference was found between the
groups or daughters were found to have greater body dissatisfaction than mothers. The results supported the hypotheses that
(1) there are generational differences in body dissatisfaction, (2) both cohort and developmental effects contribute to these
differences, and (3) that a developmental effect (mothers' greater body size) may obscure a cohort effect (daughters' greater
exposure to the thin body ideal). Body dissatisfaction measures based on the mothers' retrospective ratings of how they felt
at their daughters' age were consistent with these hypotheses. Relationships between body dissatisfaction and the Sociocultural
Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire (Heinberg, Thompson, & Stormer, 1995) were stronger and more frequent for daughters
than for mothers and for the Internalization Scale than for the Awareness Scale. Relationships between the Ambivalent Sexism
Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 2001) and body dissatisfaction were stronger for mothers than for daughters and for Benevolent Sexism
than for Hostile Sexism. 相似文献
143.
The purpose of this study was to separate the effects of gender from those of desired weight loss on body satisfaction and
eating disordered behavior. Therefore, we explored gender differences in a sample (N = 191) of men and women who wanted to lose weight. We expected that controlling for desire to lose weight would minimize
gender differences; this was supported for (a) overall body dissatisfaction, and (b) degree of concern about, effect of, and
importance of weight and appearance. Nevertheless, women reported (a) less satisfaction with several body parts, (b) stronger
relations between body satisfaction and self-esteem, and (c) use of more weight-loss strategies. Exploratory analyses also
were conducted to examine within-group differences among men. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
144.
Bonnie Meekums 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2005,5(3):246-255
This article examines the evidence for a relationship between body image distress (BID) and obesity, and between emotional eating and obesity. The need is highlighted for treatment programmes that are responsive to these complex issues and combine this with diet and physical activity. Weight loss programmes so far have had a poor success rate. They have often sought to capitalise on BID as a motivation to lose weight, but there is some evidence that such an emphasis may be self‐defeating, as seriously overweight individuals may eat either to self‐punish or self‐comfort and may also avoid social situations that could support healthy lifestyles. The case is made for new research that addresses the highlighted psychological aspects of obesity. There is a need for both a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that will enable a statistical inference of causality relating to new treatments and qualitative, interview‐based research to elicit information regarding individual responses to treatment. Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) is proposed as one new treatment option for those individuals whose obesity is linked to emotional eating. Theoretical support and empirical research evidence for DMT are explored. However, since this treatment has not so far been applied with obese individuals, a pilot study is proposed prior to a RCT. 相似文献
145.
Perception of Faces and Bodies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
146.
147.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences - Emotion is traditionally described as a phenomenon that dominates the subject because one does not choose to be angry, sad, or happy. However, would it be... 相似文献
148.
Previous research indicates that peer victimization is tied to children's negative appearance evaluations. The current study examines whether early peer victimization is also prospectively related to objectified body consciousness. Six-hundred-and-two Swedish boys and girls answered questionnaires at age 10, and again at age 18. Main findings showed that being the target of peer victimization at age 10 was related to more habitual appearance monitoring and body shame at age 18. Gender moderated the relations between victimization and body shame, with victimized girls experiencing stronger body shame than victimized boys. Additionally, whereas boys experienced less body shame than girls, they were equally likely to monitor their appearance. In sum, this study provides preliminary support to the notion that peer victimization is involved in the processes by which young adolescents’ self-objectify. Future studies are warranted to further validate these findings. 相似文献
149.
Electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging evidence points to the existence of neural populations that respond strongly and selectively to the appearance of the human body and its parts. However, the relationship between ERP and fMRI markers of these populations remains unclear. Here we used a previously identified functional dissociation between two body-selective regions identified with fMRI (extrastriate body area or EBA; fusiform body area or FBA) in order to better understand the source of a body-selective N1 ERP component. Specifically, we compared the magnitude of the N1 elicited by images of fingers, hands, arms and bodies to that obtained for hierarchically-matched control stimuli. We found close agreement between the pattern of body-part selectivity exhibited by N1, and the pattern of BOLD selectivity elicited in a previous study by the same type of stimuli in EBA (in contrast to FBA). We interpret these findings as evidence for EBA as the primary generator of the body-selective N1 component. Our results are an example of the use of functional criteria to distinguish among the possible neural sources of ERP markers. 相似文献
150.
躯体变形障碍是一种并不罕见的精神障碍,其临床表现的特殊性使大多数患者以普通求术者的身份出现在美容整形科医生面前。然而,关容整形手术非但不能解决患者的心理问题,更可能引发复杂的医疗纠纷。基于躯体变形障碍在美容整形科呈高发生率的特点,文章对美容整形术前心理评估的必要性和现状进行分析,并列举了有效的评估工具以提高心理评估的准确性。 相似文献