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111.
112.
David M.N. Garavito Valerie F. Reyna Joseph E. DeTello 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(4):646-654
One factor in reducing the likelihood of sports‐related brain injuries is the recognition of risks. However, using colloquial terms may deemphasize the severity of these risks. We hypothesized that using colloquial language to describe sports‐related brain injuries will lead to greater willingness to take on the risk. We conducted two experiments, varying the label describing an injury (getting your bell rung, concussion, or brain injury) and assessing willingness of current athletes, former athletes, and nonathletes to accept this risk as part of sports participation. High‐school and college athletes were willing to expose themselves to a high probability of risk, compared with nonathletes, when described colloquially. However, risk thresholds were low and indistinguishable across groups when using the term “brain injury.” Findings remained significant when controlling for knowledge, age, and sensation seeking. These differences indicate that the term “getting your bell rung” should not be used to describe a brain injury. 相似文献
113.
George D. Bishop Francis Ngau Jolynn Pek 《Personality and individual differences》2008,44(8):1726-1737
Bongard and al’Absi (2003) proposed domain-specific anger expression as an improved method for measuring the expression of anger with stronger links to cardiovascular parameters. We tested this proposal by relating their domain-specific measure to ambulatory blood pressure. One hundred and forty-nine Singapore young adults responded to a modified version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory that measured anger expression at home, school/work and leisure and then underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results indicated significant differences in reported anger expression in the three domains measured and also showed that domain-specific measures of anger expression were more strongly related to ambulatory blood pressure than was the general measure of anger expression. These results provide additional evidence for the importance of measures of anger expression that take account of the specific context in which anger occurs. 相似文献
114.
Shari R. Waldstein 《Current directions in psychological science》2003,12(1):9-13
Hypertension is an established risk factor for stroke. However, prior to such a major clinical event, hypertension exerts a more subtle impact on the brain that is revealed by diminished cognitive function. Studies comparing the performance of people with high and normal blood pressure levels have shown that high blood pressure or hypertension is related to poorer performance on tests of attention, learning and memory, executive functions, visuospatial skills, psychomotor abilities, and perceptual skills. Hypertension is also predictive of cognitive decline. Variables that may alter (i.e., moderate) the relation of hypertension to cognitive function include age, education, several biological characteristics of hypertension, and the presence of concurrent diseases. Although hypertensives are not clinically impaired, their diminished levels of cognitive performance could affect their perceived quality of life. Various brain mechanisms may explain the relation of hypertension to lower levels of cognitive function. Further understanding of the relation between hypertension and cognition is critical to the preservation of cognitive function across the life span. 相似文献
115.
Karen Allen 《Current directions in psychological science》2003,12(6):236-239
Pet owners often describe their pets as important and cherished family members who offer solace in times of stress. This article considers evidence suggesting that pets influence human blood pressure. Studies on this topic extend current research testing the hypothesis that having other people around in stressful times can buffer the negative consequences of stress. The existing data suggest that people perceive pets as important, supportive parts of their lives and that the presence of a pet is associated with significant cardiovascular benefits, among both people with normal blood pressure and those with high blood pressure. Studies about pets and blood pressure have examined both naturally occurring and randomly assigned pet ownership but are limited by their focus on responses to short-term, acute stress. Future prospective studies should explore the influence of pets on people at risk for cardiovascular disease and also consider explanatory mechanisms for the pet effect. 相似文献
116.
Sports Participation and Self-Esteem: Variations as a Function of Gender and Gender Role Orientation
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of gender, sports participation, and gender orientation in predicting individuals' domain-specific and global self-esteem. A sample of 100 Grade 11 students completed measures of self-perception, body image, gender orientation, and sports participation. The results showed that although boys reported greater satisfaction with weight and appearance, there were no gender differences in general self-worth. In addition, more feminine individuals who participated in competitive sports reported lower levels of perceived athletic competence and global self-worth, but reported higher self-esteem when they participated in more noncompetitive sports. Although sports participation does predict self-esteem, participants' gender orientation and the type of sports in which they participate are moderating factors. 相似文献
117.
通过对绿色供应链管理和输血管理概念的比较,将"绿色供应链"理念融入到了输血管理中,并类比绿色供应链模型,提出了输血管理物流、信息流模型,系统总结了输血管理的体系结构,并进一步对输血管理实施的途径和管理中应注意的问题提出了看法. 相似文献
118.
胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病关系的新思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
胰岛素抵抗(IR)与2型糖尿病关系密切,对IR的认识,经历了几十年反复的过程,胰岛素抵抗综合征(IRS)的提出使2型糖尿病防治观念发生了根本的转变,提出了2型糖尿病防治新策略:从以降糖治疗为主到全面防治心血管疾病.对IR的认识和IR与2型糖尿病的关系,体现了辩证唯物主义认识论和系统论的观点. 相似文献
119.
Gohichi Tanaka Shin Kawana† Yukihiro Sawada Ken-ichi Yamakoshi†† 《The Japanese psychological research》2002,44(2):91-98
Abstract: This study examined estimates of finger vascular tone, obtained from photoplethysmography. Normalized and double‐normalized pulse volume (NPV and DNPV), blood volume (BV), and pulse volume (PV) were obtained in 2 male and 7 female middle‐aged patients at an outpatient office 1–3 days before an operation and in the operating room before and after anesthesia by propofol. There was a preoperative decrease in NPV, and the propofol injection yielded a moderate increase in BV. The latter seemed to contribute to a decrease in DNPV. A partial correlation controlling for body mass index was observed between the change in NPV and the dose of propofol; a larger reduction in NPV before anesthesia compared with the control condition was accompanied by the need for a greater infusion of propofol for sedation. In conclusion, among the measures examined, NPV appears to be the best indicator of heightened arteriolar vascular tone. 相似文献
120.
Kirsten T. Verkooijen Gert A. Nielsen Stef P.J. Kremers 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2009,10(5):559-564
ObjectivesThe study aimed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between leisure time physical activity and smoking in adolescence by investigating adolescents' motives for participation in leisure time physical activity.MethodsThe study involved cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a postal survey involving 16–22-year old Danes. The hypothesized associations were examined using hierarchical logistic regression analyses.ResultsAn inverse association between participating in leisure time physical activity and smoking was found. Participation in leisure time physical activity for friendship or competition reasons were conditions that strengthened the inverse association between physical activity and smoking in males. In contrast, participation for the reason of losing weight or gaining self-esteem appeared to weaken the inverse association among females. In addition, the motives enjoyment, health and, in females, friendships and stress relief were associated with less smoking irrespective of participation level, while the motives self-esteem, losing weight and, in males, friendships were unrelated or even positively related to smoking.ConclusionsThe association between adolescents' leisure time physical activity and smoking behavior differs with the underlying motivation for the activity. 相似文献