全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 202篇 |
| 免费 | 22篇 |
| 国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
| 232篇 |
出版年
| 2024年 | 1篇 |
| 2023年 | 3篇 |
| 2022年 | 1篇 |
| 2021年 | 2篇 |
| 2020年 | 7篇 |
| 2019年 | 8篇 |
| 2018年 | 6篇 |
| 2017年 | 5篇 |
| 2016年 | 10篇 |
| 2015年 | 5篇 |
| 2014年 | 11篇 |
| 2013年 | 30篇 |
| 2012年 | 5篇 |
| 2011年 | 5篇 |
| 2010年 | 3篇 |
| 2009年 | 10篇 |
| 2008年 | 6篇 |
| 2007年 | 10篇 |
| 2006年 | 9篇 |
| 2005年 | 11篇 |
| 2004年 | 10篇 |
| 2003年 | 9篇 |
| 2002年 | 10篇 |
| 2001年 | 3篇 |
| 2000年 | 12篇 |
| 1999年 | 8篇 |
| 1998年 | 5篇 |
| 1997年 | 3篇 |
| 1996年 | 4篇 |
| 1995年 | 2篇 |
| 1994年 | 2篇 |
| 1993年 | 3篇 |
| 1992年 | 3篇 |
| 1991年 | 4篇 |
| 1990年 | 1篇 |
| 1987年 | 3篇 |
| 1982年 | 1篇 |
| 1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有232条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
111.
112.
Hurlbut WB 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):21-29
The momentum of advances in biology is evident in the history of patents on life forms. As we proceed forward with greater
understanding and technological control of developmental biology there will be many new and challenging dilemmas related to
patenting of human parts and partial trajectories of human development. These dilemmas are already evident in the current
conflict over the moral status of the early human embryo. In this essay, recent evidence from embryological studies is considered
and the unbroken continuity of organismal development initiated at fertilization is asserted as clear and reasonable grounds
for moral standing. Within this frame of analysis, it is proposed that through a technique of Altered Nuclear Transfer, non-organismal
entities might be created from which embryonic stem cells could be morally procured. Criteria for patenting of such non-organismal
entities are considered.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights
and Patents,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 23–24 April, 2004. 相似文献
113.
Gary Colwell 《Argumentation》1996,10(1):1-24
In this article I shall aim at showing that there exists beneath the surface of many why-questions about human behaviour a nest of deterministic assumptions which can preclude their ever being truly answered. A symptom of the presence of these underlying assumptions can be observed in an explanation-seeking dialogue in which the questioner persistently tries to discover why a certain human behaviour occurred. He repeats his why-question until he gets the type of answer he wants, but in the process he effectively reasons in a circle. If the repeated questioning with its implied circular reasoning becomes chronic, then the questioner will beg the question with regards to the answer he desires and consequently run the risk of missing the truth. 相似文献
114.
Karl Schmitz-Moormann 《Zygon》1987,22(4):443-458
Abstract. The age–old dilemma of free will and determinism is attacked by proving that both sides are flawed with contingencies, that the notion of eternal law is a theologically tainted projection rather than a reality of the real world that is understood to be evolutionary. Determinism is dissolved into conditionalism. This excludes materialistic scientific explanation of the deterministic style. As it brings forth freedom, evolutionary reality transcends essentially the explanatory possibilities of statistically structured natural laws. The dilemma of determinism and free will based on a logic of contradiction is replaced by an ontology of polarity. 相似文献
115.
John Polkinghorne 《Zygon》2000,35(4):927-940
This account of the dynamical theory of chaos leads to a metaphysical picture of a world with an open future, in which the laws of physics are emergent-downward approximations to a more subtle and supple reality and in which there is downward causation through information input as well as upward causation through energy input. Such a metaphysical picture can accommodate both human and divine agency. 相似文献
116.
Johanna S. Kaplan Diane B. Arnkoff Carol R. Glass Ruth Tinsley Marilla Geraci Elisa Hernandez 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(4):425-442
Abstract Few studies have addressed whether the use of avoidance-oriented coping strategies is related to the development of panic in patients with panic disorder(PD). Self-report, clinician-rated, and physiological data were collected from 42 individuals who participated in a yohimbine biological challenge study, performed under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Participants included 20 healthy controls and 22 currently symptomatic patients who met DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for PD. Consistent with prediction, patients with PD who had higher perceived efficacy of avoidance-oriented strategies in reducing anxiety-related thoughts reported increased severity in panic symptoms during the yohimbine challenge condition as compared to the placebo. Further, patients with PD who had more fear of cognitive dyscontrol, cardiovascular symptoms, and publicly observable anxiety also reported increased severity in panic symptoms during the challenge. Healthy controls who had more fear of cardiovascular symptoms similarly reported increased severity in panic symptoms during the challenge. No effects were found for heart rate response to the challenge agent. These results provide support for the role of avoidance-oriented coping strategies and fear of anxiety-related symptoms as risk and maintenance factors in the development of panic symptoms, particularly within a biological challenge model. 相似文献
117.
Alternating between static images of human bodies with an appropriate interstimulus interval (ISI) produces apparent biological motion. Here we investigate links between apparent biological motion and time perception. We presented two pictures of the initial and final positions of a human movement separated by six different ISIs. The shortest movement path between two positions was always biomechanically impossible. Participants performed two tasks: In an explicit task, participants judged whether they saw the longer, feasible movement path between the two postures, or the shorter, biomechanically impossible path. In an implicit task, participants judged the duration of a white square surrounding the picture sequence. At longer ISIs participants were more likely to see a longer, feasible movement path (explicit task) and underestimated the duration of body picture pairs, compared to trials displaying degraded body pictures (implicit task). We argue that perceiving apparent biological motion involves temporal binding of two static pictures into a continuous movement. Such temporal binding may be mediated by a top-down mechanism that produces a percept of biological motion in the absence of any retinal motion. 相似文献
118.
DANIEL SILVERMINTZ 《Metaphilosophy》2009,40(5):689-701
Abstract: This article presents a strategy for introducing Presocratic thought to students in a manner that is both engaging and relevant. The first section addresses students' reactions to the claim that the Presocratics were the first philosophers. The second section considers how the fragmentary state of Presocratic thought does not hinder its comprehension. The third section proposes a classroom exercise for testing the scientific merits of each of the Presocratic theories. The final section proposes the use of a mock trial as a means of applying the materialist approach introduced by the Presocratics to contemporary debates about free will and determinism. 相似文献
119.
P.F. Strawson famously argued that reactive attitudes and ordinary moral practices justify moral assessments of blame, praise, and punishment. Here we consider whether Strawson's approach can illuminate the concept of desert. After reviewing standard attempts to analyze this concept and finding them lacking, we suggest that to deserve something is to justifiably receive a moral assessment in light of certain criteria – in particular, eligibility criteria (a subject's properties that make the subject principally eligible for moral assessments) and assignment criteria (particulars about the subject, act, and circumstances that justify assessments such as blame in a particular case). Strawson's analysis of the ordinary attitudes and practices of moral assessment hints at these criteria but does not unequivocally ground a notion of desert. Following Strawson's general naturalistic approach, we show that recent psychological research on folk concepts and practices regarding freedom, moral responsibility, and blame illuminates how people actually arrive at moral assessments, thus revealing the very eligibility criteria and assignment criteria we suggest ground a concept of desert. By pushing the Strawsonian line even further than Strawson did, by empirically investigating actual moral practice and folk understandings, we can illuminate desert and lend credence to Strawson's general anti-metaphysical position. 相似文献
120.
New terms and frameworks are constantly being incorporated into scientific and public discourses on the management of natural resources and the environment. The idea of invasive non‐native plant and animal species, i.e. of species that enter a new range and spread prolifically, is currently becoming part of the public discourse in Scotland. This constitutes a valuable opportunity to study how people engage with new scientific concepts. We analysed focus group and personal interview data to examine how participants (including the general public, conservation volunteers and scientists) familiarized themselves with the ecological concept of invasive non‐native species. Our analysis draws on the idea of anchoring in the formation of social representations, complemented by concepts from cognitive linguistics and conceptual blending, and defines anchoring as a process of information transfer from source to target domains. Our findings suggest that social representations of invasive non‐native species were constituted to a large degree by perceptions of species' detrimental impacts and the human role in and responsibility for the introduction process. By contrast, the non‐nativeness of a species was not relevant for participants from the general public and conservation volunteers. Three types of anchoring could be distinguished in our participants' discussions that differed with regard to the relations between source and target domain. Whereas participants from the general public and conservation volunteers used all three types of anchoring, scientists did not. The identification of different anchoring types also helped to explain incongruencies in the scientific discourse on invasive non‐native species, and has implications for public information campaigns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献