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21.
STROOP效应及其反转:无意识和意识知觉 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
该研究基于Stroop效应确立了意识知觉和无意识知觉间的质的差异,刺激特性(呈现时间)的改变和注意的改变引起了非常类似的行为上的质差模式,二者在决定意识时存在着补偿作用。当色词短暂呈现而被无意识知觉时,被试在对靶颜色进行命名时不能利用色词提供的预期信息,从而反应时出现典型的Stroop效应;而通过增强刺激特性或提高注意水平可以使色词被有意识知觉。从而出现了Stroop效应的反转。 相似文献
22.
肿瘤内科治疗的疗效评价 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
肿瘤内科治疗是肿瘤综合治疗三大手段之一,在肿瘤治疗中占有举足轻重的地位。肿瘤内科治疗的疗效评价也逐步发展和完善。新的疗效评价指标逐渐被接受,延长生存期和提高肿瘤病人的生存质量已成为肿瘤内科治疗疗效评价的原则,临床肿瘤学工作者应转变观念,以利于更好地开展临床工作。 相似文献
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The authors investigate two competing hypotheses about how chronic vividness of imagery interacts with the vividness and salience of information in decision making. Results from four studies, covering a variety of decision domains, indicate that chronic imagery vividness rarely amplifies the effects of vivid and salient information. Imagery vividness may, in fact, attenuate the effects of vivid and salient information. This is because, relative to nonvivid imagers, vivid imagers rely less on information that appears obvious and rely more on information that seems less obvious. This tendency is so robust that vividness of imagery may amplify the effects of vivid information only when this information is the only information available in the decision field. The findings seem to reflect vivid imagers' tendency to totally immerse themselves in a decision problem and scrutinize the available information creatively. 相似文献
24.
Since knowledge intensive work often requires self-management, one might fear that persons who are dependent on work success for self-esteem will have difficulties in finding a healthful and sustainable balance between internal needs and external demands. Accordingly, we examined to what degree work-related performance-based self-esteem (PBS) was linked to work and health behaviors in 392 knowledge workers (226 women, 166 men). In the women group, multiple binary logistic regression analyses with repeated measurements showed that the PBS score was associated with 10 of the 17 examined work and health behaviors. For men the corresponding figure was 3 of 17. In both men and women, higher PBS scores were positively associated with reports of efforts and strivings for work as well as attending work while ill. In conclusion, statistically significant relationships between PBS and work and health behaviors were more clearly visible among women than men. Whether this gender difference is dependent on the study design, or on true inherent differences between women and men, cannot be concluded with any certainty. However, persons who described themselves as being relatively more dependent on work accomplishments for a high self-esteem, as expressed by the PBS score, seem to display work behaviors that may lessen their restitution time. In addition, they also seem to be more prone to work while sick. 相似文献
25.
Previous studies have noted that writing processes are impaired by task-irrelevant background sound. However, what makes sound distracting to writing processes has remained unaddressed. The experiment reported here investigated whether the semanticity of irrelevant speech contributes to disruption of writing processes beyond the acoustic properties of the sound. The participants wrote stories against a background of normal speech, spectrally-rotated speech (i.e., a meaningless sound with marked acoustic resemblance to speech) or silence. Normal speech impaired quantitative (e.g., number of characters produced) and qualitative/semantic (e.g., uncorrected typing errors, proposition generation) aspects of the written material, in comparison with the other two sound conditions, and it increased the duration of pauses between words. No difference was found between the silent and the rotated-speech condition. These results suggest that writing is susceptible to disruption from the semanticity of speech but not especially susceptible to disruption from the acoustic properties of speech. 相似文献
26.
探究中庸思维对大学生抑郁症状的影响,以及消极认知情绪调节策略的中介作用。采用中庸思维量表、贝克抑郁量表、认知情绪调节问卷对2256名学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)中庸思维与消极认知情绪调节策略、抑郁症状存在显著负相关,消极认知情绪调节策略与抑郁症状间存在显著正相关;(2)中庸思维不仅可直接影响抑郁症状,也可以通过消极认知情绪调节策略的中介作用对抑郁症状产生影响。结果表明:中庸思维对抑郁症状有一定的抑制作用,且这种作用可通过减少消极认知情绪调节策略来实现。 相似文献
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刘振 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2020,41(7):22-26
神灵主义医学,是人类历史上第一个医学范式,拥有一套完整的形而上学信念、方法论体系和解释机制。神灵主义医学已经长期存在,并且在当今世界也广泛存在,这是世界之中的事实,无需争论。站在当代医学发展的前沿回头看,神灵主义医学之所以能够长期指导人类的医疗实践,有其内在原因。人类的大量自限性疾病,为神灵主义医学的成功提供了广泛的归纳支持。安慰剂效应的发现,进一步揭示了神灵主义医学成功的内在可能性。超自然解释,是神灵主义医学治疗失败后,医师给予患者的无助安慰,却为巫医守住了信誉的最后堡垒。 相似文献