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71.
Ann Marie Roepke Lizbeth Benson Eli Tsukayama David Bryce Yaden 《The journal of positive psychology》2018,13(6):627-642
Little is known about how posttraumatic growth (PTG) can be fostered and controversy surrounds how it is best measured. We designed and tested an intervention, prospective writing, to facilitate PTG by encouraging people to explore new possibilities after adversity. Adults (N = 188) with recent adverse experiences were randomly assigned to do prospective writing, factual writing, or no writing weekly for one month. PTG was assessed with both retrospective and current-standing measures. Hierarchical linear modeling and response profile analysis were used to assess the intervention’s impact, and latent growth curve modeling was used to test mediation. Prospective writing participants showed the greatest gains in PTG as assessed by the current-standing measure, but did not reliably show greater retrospective PTG than controls. Although large effect sizes for the mediation paths suggested that engagement with new possibilities may be a plausible mechanism, this result fell short of statistical significance. Prospection-based interventions merit further investigation. 相似文献
72.
“三番式”临床技能教学模式的建立及其在临床医学教学中的应用与思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的临床技能教学存在诸多弊端,从而影响了医学生临床技能的培养及合格医学人才的培养。我们在多年的临床教学实践基础上,构建了临床技能学实践教学平台,创建了“三番式”临床技能教学模式,并将其应用于临床实践教学中,对所取得的显著教学效果进行深入剖析。 相似文献
73.
We used several cue–target SOAs (100, 500, 1000 ms) and three different degrees of cue predictability (Non-predictive-50%, Predictive-75%, Counter-predictive-25%), to investigate the role of awareness of cue–target predictability on cueing effects. A group of participants received instructions about the informative value of the cue, while another group did not receive such instructions. Participants were able to extract the predictive value of a spatially peripheral cue and use it to orient attention, whether or not specific instructions about the predictive value of the cue were given, and no matter their ability to correctly report it in a post-test questionnaire. In the non-predictive block, bad estimators who received no instructions showed regular cueing effects, while good estimators exhibited smaller and non-significant facilitatory effects at the short SOA and an absence of significant IOR at longer SOAs. However, for the instructions group, the pattern of results reversed. 相似文献
74.
目的研究初二学生父母教养方式、自尊对应对方式的影响。方法使用父母教养方式问卷、自尊量表、中学生应对方式量表对广州及深圳162名初中二年级学生进行施测。结果 (1)各量表不同因子存在不同的性别效应,父亲惩罚(t=2.737,P<0.01)、父亲拒绝否认(t=2.444,P<0.05)、问题指向应对(t=2.196,P<0.05)。(2)父母情感温暖与自尊、问题指向应对有显著的正相关(r=0.350,r=0.490,P<0.01),父亲偏爱对问题指向应对有显著的正相关(r=0.170,P<0.05);而母亲的拒绝否认和严惩与自尊存在显著的负相关(r=-0.198,r=-0.209,P<0.01),但与情绪指向应对有显著的正相关(r=0.235,r=0.258,P<0.01)。(3)父亲情感温暖(β=0.413,P<0.05)和自尊(β=0.230P<0.05)是问题指向应对方式的预测因子,且自尊是中介因素;母亲严惩(β=0.299,P<0.001)、父亲温暖(β=0.158,P<0.05)对情绪指向应对方式存在显著的预测作用。结论不同教养方式、自尊对不同应对方式存在影响。 相似文献
75.
目的:通过问卷调查了解当代大学生的自尊水平及其父母教养方式,并分析两者之间的关系,为父母教育子女提供有效建议。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,运用自尊量表(SES)和父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对长江大学320名大学生进行调查。结果:1.大学生自尊与情感温暖方式呈显著正相关,与惩罚严厉、过分干涉保护、拒绝否认呈显著负相关,与偏爱被试无显著相关;2.高自尊大学生与低自尊大学生在父亲和母亲的情感温暖、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认上存在显著差异,在父亲的过度保护方面存在显著差异;3.父母教养方式受城乡环境等因素影响。结论:父母应当采取积极的教养方式教育孩子,塑造孩子的自尊。 相似文献
76.
77.
旋转汉字识别的眼动特性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
该文以客观眼动测量方法考察了单个旋转汉字的识别和由旋转汉字组成的短文的阅读过程。对心理旋转操作在汉字辨认过程中的作用及其操作对象进行了探讨。 相似文献
78.
79.
Buskist WF Bennett RH Miller HL 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1981,35(2):217-225
Several groups of human subjects were exposed to a variety of experimental conditions involving a fixed-interval 27-second schedule of reinforcement in compound with instructions to constrain in the number of responses within the interreinforcement interval and/or the duration of the experimental session. One group was further exposed to a contingency involving the placement of responses within the IRI. A diversity of patterns of performance was observed, including those typically associated with animal subjects exposed to FI schedules. Generally, the imposition of instructions to minimize session duration reduced post-reinforcement pausing and increased overall reinforcement density from those levels obtained with only instructions to expend a given number of responses per reinforcer. The results are seen to underscore the sensitivity of human fixed-interval performance and the contribution of extra-experimental contingencies. 相似文献
80.
Eric Mack 《The Journal of Ethics》2000,4(1-2):71-98
This essay critically examines three theories of moral rights, theBenefit, the Interest, and the Choice theories. The Interest andChoice theories attempt to explain how rights can be more robustthan seems possible on the Benefit theory. In particular, moralrights are supposed to be resistant to trade-offs to supportprincipled anti-paternalism, to constitute a distinct dimensionof morality, and to provide right holders with a range ofdiscretionary choice. I argue that these and other featuresare better yet provided by a fourth theory of moral rights, theJurisdiction theory. 相似文献