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81.
沈铭贤 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(6):32-34,41
通过对日本731部队进行细菌战及美国掩盖这一事实的案例分析,强调科学不能背离人道,而要为人道服务;政治也不能不顾人道,反人道的政治终究是要失败的.因此,尊重伦理的基本价值、基本原则和基本规范具有极大的重要性和现实性. 相似文献
82.
The Attentional Focus Model (Karau & Kelly, 1992) predicts that time pressure should lead group members to focus on a restricted range of task-relevant cues and to adopt task completion as their major interaction objective. Although this prediction has been supported in several studies (e.g., Karau & Kelly, 1992; Kelly, Jackson, & Hutson-Comeaux, 1997; Kelly & Karau, 1999; Parks & Cowlin, 1995), the exact processes that underlie information restriction have not been specified. We propose that two processes are involved. Specifically, the restriction of information may occur because time pressure affects the way in which information is initially encoded or attended to before a group enters its decision-making phase, or because group members filter out what they judge to be less important information during group discussion and decision making. We assessed both of these processes within a decision-making experiment where time pressure was manipulated prior to learning information that would be used to perform a task. Recall of information learned prior to group discussion did not differ by time pressure condition, arguing against an encoding process. In contrast, interaction data demonstrated information restriction by group members, arguing for a filtering process. Thought listings collected 1 min into the group discussion in some groups also supported a filtering process, as did questionnaire data. Implications of these findings for the Attentional Focus Model and for effective group decision making are discussed. 相似文献
83.
Stephen Reicher 《Political psychology》2004,25(6):921-945
The task of social psychology is to explain the flexibility of human beings in creating and relating to their social worlds. Social identity and self-categorization theories provide a thoroughgoing interactionist framework for achieving such a task. However, in order to do so, it is necessary to avoid reductionist misreadings of the theories that would explain human social action simply by reference to psychological processes, without examining how the play of process depends on the cultural and structural settings in which they occur. More specifically, to the extent that self-categories shape social action, flexibility is achieved through the categories to which we belong, the others with whom we compare ourselves, and the dimensions along which such comparisons occur. These are not a fixed aspect of the human condition but are a focus for argument precisely because of their world-making consequences. 相似文献
84.
Incarcerated Mothers: Mutual Support Groups Aimed at Reducing Substance Abuse Relapse and Recidivism
Interventions to reduce relapse and recidivism for the increasing number of mothers incarcerated for illicit drug use are needed to prevent maternal/child separation and high public expenditures. This paper describes mutual support groups for women inmates aimed at strengthening family coping skills, especially communication, anger management, and parenting skills. Qualitative data collected during the group sessions indicated that the healing support of shared experiences, stories, poetry, and staying in the present were identified as spiritually uplifting. Problem solving and improved family interactions constituted additional themes extracted from the qualitative data. Future plans include including quantitative outcome measures of success. 相似文献
85.
Roger Willoughby 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2004,85(1):179-195
The ideas that are commonly associated with Esther Bick, such as primal skin function, defensive second skin phenomena and adhesive identity, are traditionally seen as affiliated to the larger body of work that constitutes the Kleinian school. I shall argue, however, that Bick's thinking owes a largely communally unrecognised debt to the work of her training analyst, Michael Balint. Beginning with a discussion of Bick's early psychoanalytic formation within the British Psychoanalytic Society, her ideas will be reapproached in the light of her contemporary psychoanalytic milieu, with particular reference to Balint's notions concerning primary object-love, the basic fault and space. A brief history of the Manchester Training Centre, a short-lived but pioneering British attempt to extend psychoanalytic training beyond London, is included incidentally. Bick's early intellectual openness to diverse psychoanalytic streams will then be discussed in relation to the formation of psychoanalytic groups and their relative capacity to tolerate difference. 相似文献
86.
Jon Garthoff 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2004,7(1):15-29
In this essay I articulate and defend a thesis about the nature of morality called “the embodiment thesis”. The embodiment
thesis states that moral values underdetermine the obligations and entitlements of individual persons, and that actual social
institutions must embody morality by specifying these moral relations. I begin by presenting two thought experiments that
elucidate and motivate the embodiment thesis. I then proceed by distinguishing the embodiment thesis from a Rawlsian doctrine
about the nature of justice, from the doctrine of moral relativism, and from solutions to the coordination problem of rational
choice theory. 相似文献
87.
当代心理学发展的一种新取向--进化心理学 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
进化心理学是近年在西方心理学中出现的一种新的研究取向,目前仍没有一个明确的概念和系统的理论。其基本主张是:过去是理解心理机制的关键;功能分析是理解心理机制的主要途径;心理机制是在解决问题的过程中演化形成的;模块性是心理机制整体组织的特性;人的行为是心理机制和环境互动作用的结果。进化心理学的发展既有意义同时也存在局限。其意义是:其发展与当代科学发展趋势相一致;它的研究促进了对人性和心理的进一步思考。局限是:具有遗传决定论的倾向;方法论存在一定的缺陷,忽视了文化对进化的意义等等。 相似文献
88.
新医改背景下控制糖尿病肾病的基本方略包括微量蛋白尿的早期定性、早期和全程控制糖尿病共性高血压、糖尿病肾病的基本防护方略的程序化设计和延缓与防护糖尿病肾病的基本干预方略。后者包括ACEI和ARBs干预DN的发生与发展、防护糖尿病肾病的最佳疗法——抗高血压治疗。 相似文献
89.
叶青海 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2011,(6):7-9
肝癌基础研究在过去数十年取得了长足的进步,而肝癌临床研究则相对滞后,二者间存在巨大的反差。如何将基因组时代发现的大量有重要意义的基础研究成果及时有效地转化为临床可用的技术方法,以进一步提高肝癌治疗效果是亟待解决的难题。转化医学研究为其搭建了一条重要桥梁。 相似文献
90.
Borja Martinovic Maykel Verkuyten Jeroen Weesie 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2011,21(1):28-40
Within the context of the Basque Country in Spain we examined how ethnic (Basque) and national (Spanish) identification relate to the evaluation of Spaniards, Basques, Andalusians and Catalans. On a sample of adolescent participants we tested a structural equation model which considered identity content (Basque separatism) as a mediator of the relationship between group identifications and group evaluations. While Spanish and Basque identification were associated with a positive evaluation of Spanish and Basque in‐groups, respectively, the evaluation of out‐groups that are relatively similar to the in‐group were not affected by identification. In contrast, dissimilar out‐groups tended to be evaluated more negatively by higher in‐group identifiers. Basque separatism mediated the negative relationship between Basque identification and the evaluation of Spaniards and of Andalusians as a prototypically Spanish subgroup. It is concluded that identification relates differently to the evaluation of different out‐groups, and that the ideological content of identity plays an important role in determining intergroup relations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献