针灸早期介入出血性中风治疗的困惑与思考

针对国内外在针灸早期介入出血性中风治疗方面的现状与分歧,以及给针灸临床工作者的带来的困惑,提出自己的一些思考。认为,临床研究标准化、规范化,发挥群体作用,开展国际合作,形成统一的临床研究规程,才能促进针灸疗法的发展。     

针灸防治神经系疾病的适应证及其优势

针灸常被推荐为某些神经系疾病的常规治疗和康复手段,但其适应证和优势是什么?通过考察《神经病学》教材和近10余年来期刊文献。推荐针灸适应证和优势病种计有坐骨神经痛、特发性面神经麻痹等25种,可研究病种有不安腿综合征等47种。中西医有关针灸防治神经系疾病的认识貌“结”而神不“合”。     

General Theory of the Commutator for Deductive Systems. Part I. Basic Facts

The purpose of this paper is to present in a uniform way the commutator theory for k-deductive system of arbitrary positive dimension k. We are interested in the logical perspective of the research — an emphasis is put on an analysis of the interconnections holding between the commutator and logic. This research thus qualifies as belonging to abstract algebraic logic, an area of universal algebra that explores to a large extent the methods provided by the general theory of deductive systems. In the paper the new term ‘commutator formula’ is introduced. The paper is concerned with the meanings of the above term in the models provided by the commutator theory and clarifies contexts in which these meanings occur. The work is presented in an abstracted form: main ideas are outlined but proofs are deferred to the second part of the paper. Dedicated to the memory of Willem Johannes Blok     

Randomized single-blind multicenter trial comparing the effects of standard and augmented acupuncture protocols on sleep quality and depressive symptoms in patients with depression

The study was aimed to compare the effects of standard and augmented acupuncture on depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in patients with depression. This is a randomized, single-blind, multicenter trial. 140 subjects with clinical insomnia (score of ≥ 7 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) were randomized to the standard (LI4, LIV3, EX-HN3, and GV20) or augmented (LI4, LIV3, EX-HN3, GV20, LU7, and KID6, including intradermal needles for sustained treatment) acupuncture groups. Participants received two sessions weekly for six weeks. In trial, The primary outcomes were improvements in PSQI and the Hamilton Rating Scale (HAMD). Secondary outcomes were treatment credibility and adverse events. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up. From the 105 randomized patients, 89 completed the trial and were included in the final analyses. Better efficacy was observed in the augmented group compared with the standard acupuncture to improve the PSQI and HAMD at week 3, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up (all p < .05). The HAMD scores improved with time, except between end of treatment and 4-week follow-up, while in the standard group, HAMD scored improved from baseline to week 3, and stopped improving thereafter. The PSQI scores improved with time in the two groups, except between end of treatment and 4-week follow-up. Compared with the standard protocol, the augmented acupuncture protocol had a better efficacy to treat depression and to improve sleep quality of patients with depression.     

On equivariance and invariance of standard errors in three exploratory factor models

Current practice in factor analysis typically involves analysis of correlation rather than covariance matrices. We study whether the standardz-statistic that evaluates whether a factor loading is statistically necessary is correctly applied in such situations and more generally when the variables being analyzed are arbitrarily rescaled. Effects of rescaling on estimated standard errors of factor loading estimates, and the consequent effect onz-statistics, are studied in three variants of the classical exploratory factor model under canonical, raw varimax, and normal varimax solutions. For models with analytical solutions we find that some of the standard errors as well as their estimates are scale equivariant, while others are invariant. For a model in which an analytical solution does not exist, we use an example to illustrate that neither the factor loading estimates nor the standard error estimates possess scale equivariance or invariance, implying that different conclusions could be obtained with different scalings. Together with the prior findings on parameter estimates, these results provide new guidance for a key statistical aspect of factor analysis.We gratefully acknowledge the help of the Associate Editor and three referees whose constructive comments lead to an improved version of the paper. This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA01070 and DA00017 and by the University of North Texas Faculty Research Grant Program.     

Varieties of Monadic Heyting Algebras Part II: Duality Theory

In this paper we continue the investigation of monadic Heyting algebras which we started in [2]. Here we present the representation theorem for monadic Heyting algebras and develop the duality theory for them. As a result we obtain an adequate topological semantics for intuitionistic modal logics over MIPC along with a Kripke-type semantics for them. It is also shown the importance and the effectiveness of the duality theory for further investigation of monadic Heyting algebras and logics over MIPC.     

中国卒中单元的模式探讨

卒中单元是针对急性卒中病人综合性治疗和康复的医疗单元,循证医学证据表明卒中单元是目前脑卒中治疗的最有效措施,建立有中国特色的卒中单元是我国目前脑血管病临床实践的当务之急。我们应该因地制宜,建立符合中国国情的卒中单元模式,卒中的早期康复治疗中应包括针灸疗法。     

自适应气泡光标——基于用户的点击增强技术

本研究选取了气泡光标这种典型的点击增强技术作为研究对象,从用户操作习惯和特点出发,提出基于频次算法的和基于时间算法的自适应气泡光标,并试图通过实验研究来探索这两款自适应气泡光标的影响作用。结果显示:(1)基于频次算法的和基于时间算法的自适应气泡光标在操作绩效和主观评价上均显著优于气泡光标;(2)两款自适应气泡光标在操作绩效和主观评价上无显著差异。本研究的结果为点击增强技术的设计优化提供了新的设计思路。     

论外部的心理物理学和内部的心理物理学

Fechner提出的内部的心理物理学函数关系在解释实验事实时有困难。基于实验 ,提出内部的心理物理学的一个新的函数关系。