从传统针灸学到现代针灸学——针灸现代化50年之回顾

现代针灸学的理论基础不同于传统针灸学,前者是以运用现代科学技术、方法对相关问题的研究所获取的现代科学意义上的规律作为指导理论,机理的阐明完全立足于现代科学意义的相关知识体系,并以神经一内分泌一免疫网络学说及针灸效应的四大规律为该体系的理论核心;而传统针灸学则是以阴阳五行学说、脏腑气血学说、经络学说等为基本理论;在临床上,现代针灸学充分利用现代诊疗技术和方法,以辨病为主导,针刺手法注重的是强弱刺激与针刺效应的关系;而传统针灸学则是借助四诊八纲以辨证为主导,针刺手法强调的是补泻。     

虚实相融的“元宇宙+心理学”发展新趋势

元宇宙是近期的热点话题,引发了社会各界的广泛关注。元宇宙对于心理学领域可能的影响包括通过创建教育元宇宙从而提供全景式的学习过程新场域,通过创建MOOC元宇宙从而打造更加科学和新颖的教学模式,通过打破"魔力怪圈"从而缓解人际回避进而促进个体的社交行为,通过塑造元宇宙赛博朋克文化圈从而增强个体的自我认同,通过搭建元宇宙心理体验馆从而提高学校心理健康教育工作的有效性,以及通过创建基于传统行为疗法的元宇宙心理干预系统从而提升心理咨询工作的有效性等。然而,由元宇宙所代表的新兴科技是一把双刃剑,不仅需要重视这一创造"完美的"世界或创造奇迹的机会,还需要谨防其对人类社会发展所造成的潜在危害。     

脑激活水平和主观体验强度的定量关系

综合现有各种实验资料,推导对于同一个物理刺激,人的脑区激活水平和人的主观体验强度之间的定量关系,得到联系有关参量的一个数学公式.     

Kelley's formula as a basis for the assessment of reliable change

In the literature on the measurement of change,reliable change is usually determined by means of a confidence interval around an observed value of a statistic that estimates thetrue change. In recent literature on the efficacy of psychotherapies, attention has been particularly directed at the improvement of the estimation of the true change. Reliable Change Indices, incorporating thereliability-weighted measure of individual change, also known as Kelley's formula, have been proposed. According to current practice, these indices are defined as the ratio of such an estimator and an intuitively appealing criterion and then regarded as standard normally distributed statistics. However, because the authors fail to adopt an adequate standard error of the estimator, the statistical properties of their indices are unclear. In this article, it is shown that this can lead to paradoxical conclusions. The adjusted standard error is derived.     

风险决策价值函数的数学公式

本文提出风险决策价值函数的一个数学公式,定量描述决策者对价值的主观感受与收益及损失之间的关系。     

Initial outcomes of an augmented competing stimulus assessment

Competing stimulus assessments (CSAs) are designed to identify stimuli that, when made freely available, reduce problem behavior. Although CSAs have demonstrated utility, identifying competing stimuli can be difficult for some individuals. The current study describes outcomes from an augmented CSA (A-CSA) for 6 consecutively encountered cases with treatment-resistant subtypes of automatically maintained problem behavior. When test stimuli were made freely available, only between 0 and 1 effective competing stimuli were identified for each case. Prompting and response blocking were temporarily employed in succession to promote engagement with stimuli and disrupt problem behavior. When those procedures were withdrawn and stimuli made freely available, the number of effective competing stimuli increased in all 6 cases. Findings suggest that procedures designed to promote engagement and disrupt problem behavior may allow the A-CSA to be a platform not only for identifying competing stimuli, but also for actively establishing competing stimuli.     

应用复杂科学理论对穴位进行实验研究和定量计算

近年来,一些研究者根据复杂性科学理论研究的最新成果,对穴位的复杂性进行了实验研究和分析计算。就有关复杂科学对穴位的研究进行了概述和讨论,并认为研究穴位的本质可采用复杂性科学方法。     

针灸抗感染的临床研究概况与启示——主流医学飞速发展下的针灸价值

主流医学虽已高度发达,但与病原微生物的战斗强度并未减低。细菌耐药问题无解,疫苗与抗病毒药物研究艰难。针灸疗法从未脱离过与感染性疾病斗争的阵地,并在这种长期的斗争中积累了许多宝贵经验,包括部分急慢性细菌感染性疾病、部分急慢性病毒感染性疾病,以及感染造成的危重症(脓毒症)的针灸治疗,都展现了一定的治疗价值。基于这种经验的积累,面对日益严峻的细菌耐药问题,针灸作为一种有益的补充疗法应当给予积极关注。另外,在缺乏疫苗或特效抗病毒药物的情况下,针灸在病毒性感染(包括传染)的综合性治疗中的作用也值得探索。