道德概念净脏隐喻及其对道德判断的影响

通过3个实验考察道德概念净脏隐喻的心理现实性以及道德概念净脏背景和净脏自身隐喻对道德判断的影响及其差异。结果表明：（1）道德概念净脏隐喻具有心理现实性,即被试在洁净背景上判断道德词的反应时更快,在肮脏背景上判断不道德词的反应时更快。（2）当将道德两难故事呈现在肮脏背景上时,相比于呈现在洁净背景上,被试更容易将故事主人公的行为判断为不道德,表现出隐喻一致性效应。（3）相比于肮脏自身启动,被试在洁净自身启动下对道德两难故事主人公的行为判断为更加不道德,表现出隐喻补偿性效应。（4）相比于洁净背景启动,被试在洁净自身启动下对道德两难故事的判断更加严厉;相比于肮脏背景启动,被试在肮脏自身启动下对道德两难故事的判断更加宽松。研究结果证明,道德概念净脏隐喻具有心理现实性,净脏背景和净脏自身隐喻均影响个体的道德判断,并且二者对道德判断的影响不同。     

A multicriteria framework for inventory classification and control with application to intermittent demand

Several papers have studied inventory classification in order to group items with a view to facilitating their management. The generated classes are then coupled with the specific reorder policies composing the overall inventory control system. However, the effectiveness of inventory classification and control system is strictly interrelated. That is to say, different classification approaches could show different performance if applied to a different set of reorder policies, and vice versa. Furthermore, when the cost structure is subjected to uncertainty, a pure cost‐based analysis of the inventory control system could be corrupted. This paper presents a multicriteria framework for the concurrent selection of the item classification approach and the inventory control system through a discrete‐event simulation approach. The key performance indicators provided by the simulator (i.e., average holding value, average number of backorders, and average number of emitted orders) are indicative of the multidimensional effectiveness of the adopted inventory control system when coupled with a specific classification approach. By this way, a multicriteria problem arises, where the alternatives are given by exhaustively coupling the item classes, which are generated by different classification approaches, with the reorder policies composing the inventory system. An analytical hierarchy process is then used for selecting the best alternative, as well as for evaluating the effect of the weights assigned to the key performance indicators through a sensitivity analysis. This approach has been validated in a real case study with a company operating in the field of electrical resistor manufacturing, with a view of facilitating the management of items showing intermittent demand.     

义符的类别一致性和家族大小影响形声字的语义加工

采用行为实验和眼动技术考察义符的类别一致性和家族大小对形声字语义加工的影响。结果发现：(1) 在一致性判断和视觉选择中均存在着字词水平的类别一致性效应, 义符同整字类别一致的字容易认知。(2) 义符的家族大小影响形声字的语义加工, 义符家族大, 汉语母语者对形声字的加工更容易采用形旁推理策略。(3) 义符家族的类别一致性影响形声字的语义加工。(4) 义符家族的类别一致性和家族大小效应受义符与整字的类别一致性调节。     

大五人格测验在中国应用的信度概化分析

对过去20年(1994~2013年)间国内有关大五人格测验的研究文献进行信度概化分析。结果表明:(1)检索到的文献中约68.15%存在"信度引入"现象;(2)未加权估计中,A和O的均值最低,N和C的均值最高,国内所得结果均略低于国外(O除外),而后者的变异性略大(E除外);采用α系数效果量方法,在随机效应模型中,N的估计值最高,O和A的估计值最低;(3)回归分析显示,分数均值、量表来源和南北地域差异是N维度信度的预测变量;量表来源、文章专业类型、测验版本和测验记分对E维度信度具有预测作用;样本量、文章专业类型和量表来源是O维度信度的预测变量;量表来源、文章专业类型、项目数和样本类型对A维度信度具有预测作用;量表来源、项目数、文章专业类型和测验记分是C维度信度的预测变量。     

Living on a Slippery Slope

Our actions, individually and collectively, inevitably affect others, ourselves, and our institutions. They shape the people we become and the kind of world we inhabit. Sometimes those consequences are positive, a giant leap for moral humankind. Other times they are morally regressive. This propensity of current actions to shape the future is morally important. But slippery slope arguments are a poor way to capture it. That is not to say we can never develop cogent slippery slope arguments. Nonetheless, given their most common usage, it would be prudent to avoid them in moral and political debate. They are often fallacious and have often been used for ill. They are normally used to defend the moral status quo. Even when they are cogent, we can always find an alternate way to capture their insights. Finally, by accepting that the moral roads on which we travel are slippery, we become better able to successfully navigate them.     

表现性评价中评分者信度估计方法的比较研究--从相关法、百分比法到概化理论

随着素质教育的推进．表现性评价受到越来越多的重视。影响表现性评价结果信度的一个重要因素是评分者之间的不一致。文章使用模拟数据,在对比评分者一致性的相关法、一致性百分比法和概化系数等各种估计方法的基础上,提出概化理论在表现性评价中评分者信度问题上的应用是理论和实践发展的有益方向。     

一个基于综合印象评分法的作文分事后调整模型

对大学英语四、六级考试作文评分进行了详细的描述,重点介绍了作文分的事后调整的原理和方法,并且给出了一个基于线性等值原理的数学推导。认为其数学模型主要是一个运用了“极大似然估计法”和“正态分”概念的统计模型。“评分标准的制定”、“用参照样卷来校准阅卷员对作文评分标准的掌握尺度”以及“阅卷员的培训和考核”构成了大学英语四、六级考试作文信度的基石;而作文分调整中基于“随机分发作文卷”、“客观题分数与作文分相关”以及“评分前后一致性”的统计方法则对出现系统性误差的阅卷员的评分结果进行了事后的校正。还提出如果拥有往次考试总体作文分均值数据,使用“加权移动平均法”可以实现对作文分的跨考次平衡。     

质性研究中编码者信度的多种方法考察

质性研究中检验编码者信度的方法有归类一致性指数、编码信度系数、相关系数、中位数检验、概化系数等。基于教师胜任力访谈数据集,对编码者信度考察结果表明,归类一致性指数和编码信度系数受相同编码数影响而不稳定,相关系数受数据类型制约,中位数检验受研究设计影响,概化系数则受编码者和编码项目的数量影响。研究中须合理选用。     

《中国大学生心理健康量表》的编制

本研究在文献研究、咨询案例分析、专家访谈和讨论、开放式问卷调查的基础上,采用实证法,编制了大学生心理健康量表,制定了全国大学生常模,并对其信度和效度进行了检验。结果表明:该量表具有良好的信度与效度,可以用于我国大学生心理健康水平的的检测。     

《中国大学生人格量表》的编制*

在建立中国人人格大七结构模型以及成熟的人格量表基础上,本研究通过实证研究建立了适用于大学生群体的人格量表。统计结果表明,由68个项目、7个维度构成的中国大学生人格量表(CCSPS)与中国人人格的7因素模型有着良好的拟合,而且信度和效度检验均符合心理测量学要求;此外,在55098名被试上建立了CC-SPS的常模。研究结果表明CCSPS针对中国大学生群体可靠的人格测量工具。