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该文对Rips提出的“证明心理学理论”做了综合述评。这一理论主要包含三方面的内容:对推理过程与人类记忆相互关系的解释;(2)根据逻辑学中的“自然推理规则”进行修正后用于解释人类推理过程的推理规则;(3)关于如何控制推理过程的论述。Rips认为他于1983年设计并实施的以“自然推理系统”所含各推理规则为实验材料的实验结果支持该理论的基本观点。 相似文献
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Mark F. Ettin 《Group》2000,24(2-3):229-240
A group ethos permeates the two Special Issues of Group dedicated to the future of group psychotherapy in the 21st century. This ethos is elaborated through a parable, an integration of authors' conclusions, and a brief exploration of the myths and basic assumptions about group leadership and followership that characterized the 20th century. A new basic assumption is proposed for the 21st. BaC suggests that members are drawn to groups for the unconscious collaboration necessary to discover something between them, as yet untold—something that may hold the key to their own fates and to the human condition. 相似文献
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Bridges between Classical and Nonmonotonic Logic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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We present a new prefixed tableau system for verification of validity in modal logic . The system is deterministic, it uniquely generates exactly one proof tree for each clausal representation of formulas, and, moreover, it uses some syntactic reductions of prefixes. is defined in the original methodology of tableau systems, without any external technique such as backtracking, backjumping, etc. Since all the necessary bookkeeping is built into the rules, the system is not only a basis for a validity algorithm, but is itself a decision procedure. We present also a deterministic tableau decision procedure which is an extension of and can be used for the global assumptions problem. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT— Effective managers recognize both positive and negative changes in employee performance and take appropriate remedial action when required. Managers' assumptions about the rigidity or malleability of personal attributes (e.g., ability and personality) affect their performance of these critical personnel management tasks. To the extent that managers assume that personal attributes are fixed traits that are largely stable over time, they tend to inadequately recognize actual changes in employee performance and are disinclined to coach employees regarding how to improve their performance. However, a growth-mindset intervention can lead managers to relinquish their fixed mindset and subsequently provide more accurate performance appraisals and helpful employee coaching. Implications for performance evaluation procedures and avenues for future research are outlined. 相似文献
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The general use of coefficient alpha to assess reliability should be discouraged on a number of grounds. The assumptions underlying
coefficient alpha are unlikely to hold in practice, and violation of these assumptions can result in nontrivial negative or
positive bias. Structural equation modeling was discussed as an informative process both to assess the assumptions underlying
coefficient alpha and to estimate reliability 相似文献
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After more then 50 years of probabilistic choice modeling in economics, marketing, political science, psychology, and related disciplines, theoretical and computational advances give scholars access to a sophisticated array of modeling and inference resources. We review some important, but perhaps often overlooked, properties of major classes of probabilistic choice models. For within‐respondent applications, we discuss which models require repeated choices by an individual to be independent and response probabilities to be stationary. We show how some model classes, but not others, are invariant over variable preferences, variable utilities, or variable choice probabilities. These models, but not others, accommodate pooling of responses or averaging of choice proportions within participant when underlying parameters vary across observations. These, but not others, permit pooling/averaging across respondents in the presence of individual differences. We also review the role of independence and stationarity in statistical inference, including for probabilistic choice models that, themselves, do not require those properties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jind L 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2001,42(2):113-120
Within the field of crisis psychology empirical research on the subject whether cognitive schemata are influenced by victimization, and whether possible changes in cognitive schemata are related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is somewhat sparse. In the present study cognitive processing of 602 parents, who had lost an infant, were examined. Among other things results showed a significant relationship between level of cognitive processing and symptoms of PTSD. When items selected to reflect fundamental assumptions about the self and the world were assessed, there were only few differences between parents who had lost an infant, and the control group. Furthermore, there were numerous significant relations between items selected to reflect fundamental assumptions and symptoms of PTSD. The results are discussed in relation to central theories within the cognitive area of crisis psychology and recommendations for future research are offered. 相似文献