友谊的结构研究——一项对大学生友谊内隐观的调查研究

本文对大学生友谊概念的表征进行了初步的探究。研究者依据激活扩散模型,采用字词联想法来搜集数据。采用“友谊”一词为刺激,让269名大学生被试进行自由联想,选出前80个联想频率在4.0%以上的高频词语(概念)作为分析单位,做成卡片另请100名大学生进行分类,然后根据它们之间的关系亲疏程度实施系统聚类分析。结果发现,友谊概念在大学生群体的心目中是从以下4个方面来表征的:①关心与支持;②分享与交流;③共同活动与联系;④矛盾及冲突。     

父母教养方式与内隐攻击性的关系研究

采用父母养育方式量表和内隐联想测验,分别测量53名初二学生的父母教养方式和内隐攻击性。研究结果表明,在父母教养方式上,男生和女生在父亲情感温暖、惩罚严厉和母亲干涉保护、惩罚严厉4个因子上差异显著;在内隐攻击性测验上,男生和女生没有显著差异。相关分析结果表明,内隐攻击性与父亲的惩罚严厉、过分干涉和母亲的惩罚严厉等3个因子有显著正相关。     

自我面孔识别的特征、影响因素及ERP研究述评

自我面孔识别成为近年来面孔研究领域的一个热点。自我面孔识别的速度优势、文化差异和正性自我偏见是自我面孔识别的三个主要特征, 影响自我面孔识别的因素主要有加工背景和其他自我相关的信息。此外, 自我面孔的注意性质存在优先加工和难以移除的争论。未来的研究除了需要揭示外显任务中自我面孔识别速度优势的机制、内隐积极联想在脑内如何实现以及自我面孔的注意性质是否是特殊的等问题之外, 还应该深入探讨其他因素影响自我面孔识别的机制等问题。     

组织情境中的影响策略研究述评

影响策略是指个体采取的旨在使他人态度和行为产生预期改变的行为方式。组织情境下的影响策略受动机、场控制和自我监控等因素的影响,对工作绩效、薪酬、晋升和一些积极组织行为有显著的预测作用。本文侧重介绍了影响策略的结构、测量、前因后果变量以及跨文化研究等方面内容,总结了已有研究为管理实践提供的有价值参考,并指出研究方法的有效互补、对基层职员影响策略的关注和基于中国人行为观念的本土化研究是今后探讨的主要方向。     

Drinking without thinking: an implicit measure of alcohol motivation predicts failure to control alcohol use

Addiction is characterized by dyscontrol - substance use despite intentions to restrain. Using a sample of at-risk drinkers, the present study examined whether an implicit measure of alcohol motivation (the Implicit Association Test [IAT]; Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwartz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480) would predict dyscontrol of alcohol use. Participants completed an IAT and, to elicit motivation to restrain alcohol use, were instructed that greater consumption in a taste test would impair performance on a later task for which they could win a prize. All participants viewed aversive slides and then completed a thought-listing task. Participants either exerted self-control by suppressing negative affect and thoughts regarding the slides or did not exert self-control. Post-manipulation, the groups did not differ in mood, urge to drink or motivation to restrain consumption. During the subsequent taste test, participants whose self-control resources were depleted consumed more alcohol than did those in the control group. Additionally, the IAT, but not an explicit measure of alcohol motivation, more strongly predicted alcohol use when self-control resources were depleted. The results indicate that the IAT may have utility in predicting dyscontrolled alcohol use.     

内隐社会认知的研究方法综述

内隐社会认知(implicit social cognition)是指在社会认知过程中虽然个体不能回忆某一过去经验(如用自我报告法或内省法),但这一经验潜在地对个体的行为和判断产生影响。内隐社会认知研究采用的是内隐记忆的间接测量技术和方法,使原来行为主义、精神分析学派等无法实证研究的内部心理过程得到了直接的实验室观察。将人的认知过程的两个方面结合起来考察,具有更为全面的理论基础。随着内隐记忆研究方法的不断进步与创新,内隐社会认知已成为社会认知领域的一个研究热点。     

解释水平对品牌联想和品牌延伸评估的影响

由于人们更加关切与其解释水平相匹配的信息、经验和事物, 解释水平能够系统性地影响人们的判断与决策。本研究将解释水平视为重要的调节变量, 探查它对消费者的品牌联想和品牌延伸评估的可能影响。实验一用于检验来源于个体差异的不同解释水平(高与低)的被试, 对于同一品牌是否产生不同形态(原型性与范例性)的品牌联想以及探查它们之间的相对数量关系。实验二采用2(解释水平：高vs.低)×2(契合类型：原型性契合vs.范例性契合)组内和组间因子混合设计, 用于检验基于时间距离的解释水平是否调节契合类型对品牌延伸评估的影响关系。实验研究结果发现：在接触到品牌名称时, 具有高水平解释倾向的消费者, 将比低水平解释倾向的消费者, 呈现更多的原型性联想; 而具有低水平解释倾向的消费者, 将比高水平解释倾向的消费者, 呈现更多的范例性联想; 在低水平解释条件下, 消费者对范例性契合延伸产品的评估要好于对原型性契合延伸产品的评估; 而在高水平解释条件下, 消费者对原型性契合延伸产品的评估要好于对范例性契合延伸产品的评估。     

Between the frontier and the network: Notes for a metapsychology of freedom2

The author examines the paradigm of the frontier and encounters the establishment of the paradigm of the network, a tendency that currently runs through diverse fields of thought. The network is not proposed as a globalising structure that would neutralise what is different, but as integration based on preservation of what is plural and its transformations. The author moves between these two paradigms in psychoanalytic metapsychology and clinical practice. The concept of frontier is intrinsic to the entire theory: repression, which separates the unconscious from the preconscious, the barrier against stimuli, the delimitation of spaces and agencies. But psychoanalysis is also a precursor of the paradigm of the network, with its concepts of unconscious, free association and evenly suspended attention. She points out that it is psychoanalysis that, in the area of scientific thought, subverts the radical split between subjects and their objects of observation, through the concepts of transference and countertransference, thus inaugurating a revolutionary theory of knowledge. This perspective can later be seen as a forerunner of changes in other disciplines. This text legitimises the contribution of psychoanalysis to thinking and knowledge, as well as the potential of a therapeutic method that provides the tools for crossing frontiers, unknotting and weaving networks, operating in the face of risks of pathological consolidations, thus holding to its unavoidable commitment to freedom.     

利益冲突的调节机制

利益的平衡取决于相关利益群体参与政策过程的能力的平衡.成立患者权利保护协会,使患者以组织化方式有效参与卫生改革的政策过程,制衡相关利益群体的利益最大化诉求,是平衡卫生服务领域利益冲突的根本途径.     

How to like yourself better, or chocolate less: Changing implicit attitudes with one IAT task

The current paper introduces a novel feature of implicit association tests (IATs) by demonstrating their potential to change implicit attitudes. We assume that such changes are driven by associative learning mechanisms caused by carrying out an IAT task. Currently, evaluative conditioning appears to be the only widespread paradigm for changing implicit attitudes. An IAT task could provide an alternative. In two experiments, participants initially reacted to only one IAT task. Implicit preferences subsequently assessed with different implicit measures depended on the initial IAT task. This was shown for implicit self-esteem and for implicit attitudes towards well-known candy brands. Findings are discussed in relation to task-order effects in IATs.