Artifact in pain ratings,its implications for test-retest reliability,and correction by a new scaling procedure

The conventionally employed procedure for rating ischemic pain was found to produce a degree of response bias associated with the ceiling points of the scale used. A new approach permitting open-ended ratings followed by transformation of these ratings into a common decile scale provided far greater test-retest reliability. This was explained largely in terms of the attenuation of rating artifact. The new procedure also gave rise to consistently linear functions for ischemic pain. Implications are raised for the measurement of pain as well as other psychological continua.     

参考选择影响情绪加工相关的ERPs

研究采用情绪图片观看任务,考察双耳乳突参考、全脑平均参考和参考电极标准化技术（Reference electrode standardization technique, REST）对情绪相关ERP成分在波幅、统计功效、内部一致性方面的影响,以及参考选择对ERP伪迹剔除率的影响。结果显示,双耳乳突参考下颞区EPN的波幅显著小于REST和全脑平均参考下的结果,而在顶区LPP上表现出完全相反的结果。此外,双耳乳突和全脑平均参考下更可能检测到P2上负性和中性图片波幅间的差异,而REST和全脑平均参考下更可能检测到EPN的“正性偏向”效应。未来研究应结合以往文献和特定成分谨慎选择参考类型。