Croatia founded a national body for ethics in science

The Committee for Ethics in Science and Higher Education (CESHE) was created in Croatia as a national body appointed by the Parliament. Thus Croatia became one of a handful of countries with national means of responding to allegations of scientific misconduct. The Committee’s duties, with the help of the Ethics Code, include promotion of ethical norms and values in science and higher education. The CESHE will work on cases of possible research misconduct and alleged disregard for the ethical norms associated with research.     

Parafraud in biology

The concept of parafraud is described as “illogical or improper behaviour towards other peoples’ views or publications,” and 19 different kinds of common practices coming under this heading are listed. Ways of combating it are suggested. Dr. Hillman was the Reader in Physiology at the University of Surrey from 1968 to 1995 and Director of the Unity Laboratory of Applied Neurobiology from 1970 to date.     

Honest research

The origins of research projects, the duties of supervisors and research workers, the subjective elements in research and the difficulties of publication are reviewed, as a guide to the complexities of executing an honest research project. It is assumed that research carried out with maximal intellectual integrity will result in real advances.     

Teacher Use Of Interventions In General Education Settings: Measurement And Analysis Of The Independent Variable

This study examined the integrity with which 4 general education teachers implemented an intervention designed to improve the academic performance of elementary school students. Treatment integrity was measured daily using permanent products. The results showed that the 4 teachers markedly increased the integrity of the delivered treatment when they were provided with performance feedback. The results suggest that academic performance improved for the group of students as integrity improved.     

新冠撤稿论文中的科技伦理问题及其治理路径

基于全球范围新冠主题撤稿论文数据,全面分析了撤稿论文的基本特征,探究新冠主题撤稿论文背后的伦理与规范问题。研究发现期刊出版伦理失范导致撤稿论文数量激增,科研不端行为呈现复杂化特征,非主观错误撤稿原因难以界定,问题研究行为较为突出,撤稿论文甚至引发了公众的信任危机。基于此,建议完善出版伦理建设,加大科研不端行为查处力度,针对性开展医学领域科技伦理教育与监管,并把问题研究行为纳入科技伦理治理的重要议题。

     

重大公共卫生事件下学术论文的科研诚信建设

基于撤稿观察数据库,以生物医药领域COVID-19相关的撤稿论文为研究对象,分析撤稿论文中的学术不端现象,并就重大公共卫生事件背景下的学术论文科研诚信问题提出了一些思考与建议：探讨了重大公共卫生事件下科研诚信与学术论文出版速度的辨证关系,通过对学术论文的出版后再评价常态化完善科研诚信监督机制,通过加强学术论文数据管理和共享建立并完善科研诚信应急管理机制,重视生物医药领域的利益冲突问题,充分发挥学术期刊的公信力和传播优势解释学术争鸣,以及进一步夯实我国学术论文科研诚信建设。

     

The use of mixed modeling to evaluate the impact of treatment integrity on learning

Treatment integrity, or the degree to which an intervention is implemented as intended, is a critical feature of skill acquisition tasks. Single‐case design consistently demonstrates that low treatment integrity slows or inhibits learning, but the relative impact of different types of instructional errors, or the presence of multiple errors, is less clear. The present study utilized a multilevel modeling approach to evaluate the impact of type of error (omission versus omission and commission) and error component (reinforcer delivery versus feedback) on learning. Findings revealed that learning outcomes worsened based on the type of error and as the complexity of errors increased; more specifically, participants performed better when only a single type of error occurred and when only a single error component was manipulated. Additionally, individual characteristics contributed to learning outcomes, highlighting the use of multilevel modeling as a helpful tool to supplement single‐case design. The differential impact of integrity errors on learning may be due to timing of errors (i.e., commission errors more likely to occur early in learning) or how errors affect reinforcement schedule versus discriminative control.     

College Students’ Perceptions of and Responses to Academic Dishonesty: An Investigation of Type of Honor Code,Institution Size,and Student–Faculty Ratio

College students (n = 928) from small, medium, and large institutions with either a modified or no honor code were presented with cheating scenarios and asked to rate how dishonest they perceived the behavior to be and the likelihood that they would report it. No main effects were found for institution size or type of honor code. Student–faculty ratio was not correlated with responses to the cheating scenarios. Students from modified honor code schools perceived more severe punishments for cheating and understood the reporting process better than students from non–honor code schools. Implications for modified honor code systems are discussed.     

论医患之间建立诚信关系的社会意义

医患诚信是病人权利让渡契约的伦理基础;是社会伦理公平正义的基本表现;是医患经济利益调整的必然要求,也是医学人文精神回归的体现;医患诚信是医学职业道德的重要使命。在医患之间建立诚信关系具有十分重大的社会意义。