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121.
This paper addresses a small but important subset of the challenges to ethical behaviour that face senior university administrators in their daily work, namely, errors in moral judgment which arise from over-identification and loyalty to the institution. The domain and precipitating factors are not unique to universities but may be more intensely experienced due to two features of the traditional public and private not-for-profit university that are unique. These features include the historical nature and purpose of a university and the role of the university professor in the production and dissemination of knowledge.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Senior University Administrators Course, held in Banff, Alberta, June 15, 2004. 相似文献
122.
The effects of three levels of treatment integrity (100%, 50%, and 0%) on child compliance were evaluated in the context of the implementation of a three-step prompting procedure. Two typically developing preschool children participated in the study. After baseline data on compliance to one of three common demands were collected, a therapist implemented the three-step prompting procedure at three different integrity levels. One integrity level was associated with each demand. The effects of the integrity levels were examined using multielement designs. The results indicate that compliance varied according to the level of treatment integrity that was in place. 相似文献
123.
124.
Ego integrity, Erik Erikson's (E. H. Erikson, 1963) concept of psychological maturity in later life and the pinnacle of 8
stages, has been one of the least studied of all his stage constructs. This paper explores the meaning of ego integrity (as
assessed by C. D. Ryff & S. G. Heincke, 1983) in the lives of a sample of older women, by examining the predictors and concomitants
of ego integrity (EI), using data from interviews conducted with the same women in 1951 and 1996 and a questionnaire administered
in 1996. A 3-step regression model revealed that “identity” assessed in 1951 predicted generativity in 1996; the level of
educational attainment and marital status were also significant predictors. In step 2, generativity alone predicted ego integrity,
which in turn predicted depression. Ego integrity was associated with higher marital satisfaction in the mothers' lives, both
in the past and in the present; it was implicated in better relationships with their adult children, in the mothers' willingness
to both give and receive help, and in several dimensions of psychological well-being. 相似文献
125.
An Exploratory Analysis of a Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeffrey Dean Webster 《Journal of Adult Development》2003,10(1):13-22
Three studies investigated the psychometric properties of the newly developed self-assessed wisdom scale (SAWS). Study 1 investigated the reliability of a 30-item questionnaire assessing 5 interrelated dimensions of wisdom. Results indicated the scale had good reliability ( = .78) and adequate factor structure. Study 2 demonstrated clear differences in people's implicit theories of wisdom using the SAWS: persons instructed to complete the measure according to their implicit theories of wisdom scored significantly higher (t = 9.40, p = .000) than persons completing the measure according to their implicit theories of foolishness. Study 3 demonstrated the construct validity of the SAWS by showing significant relationships between it and two independent measures thought to reflect aspects of wisdom, namely, generativity and ego integrity. Preliminary analyses of the SAWS suggests it has good initial reliability and validity. Suggestions for scale refinement and future research are examined. 相似文献
126.
Scientific societies and research integrity: What are they doing and how well are they doing it? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Scientific societies can play an important role in promoting ethical research practices among their members, and over the
past two decades several studies have addressed how societies perform this role. This survey continues this research by examining
current efforts by scientific societies to promote research integrity among their members. The data indicate that although
many of the societies are working to promote research integrity through ethics codes and activities, they lack rigorous assessment
methods to determine the effectiveness of their efforts.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the AAAS-Office of Research Integrity (ORI) meeting in Washington DC on
the theme: “The Role and Activities of Scientific Societies in Promoting Research Integrity” held on April 10–11, 2000. 相似文献
127.
Adequate Citation of data sets is crucial to the encouragement of data sharing, to the integrity and cost-effectiveness of
science and to easy access to the work of others. The citation behavior of social scientists who have published based on shared
data was examined and found to be inconsistent with important ideals of science. Insights gained from the social sciences,
where data sharing is somewhat customary, suggest policies and incentives that would foster adequate citation by secondary
users, and greater openness and sharing in other disciplines. 相似文献
128.
In response to a series of allegations of scientific misconduct in the 1980’s, a number of scientific societies, national
agencies, and academic institutions, including Harvard Medical School, devised guidelines to increase awareness of optimal
scientific practices and to attempt to prevent as many episodes of misconduct as possible. The chief argument for adopting
guidelines is to promote good science. There is no evidence that well-crafted guidelines have had any detrimental effect on
creativity since they focus on design of research studies, documentation of research findings, assignment of credit through
authorship, data management and supervision of trainees, not on the origin and evolution of ideas. This paper addresses a
spectrum of causes of scientific misconduct or unacceptable scientific behavior and couples these with estimates of the potential
for prevention if guidelines for scientific investigation are adopted. The conclusion is that clear and understandable guidelines
should help to reduce the chance that flawed research will escape from our institutions. However, they cannot be relied upon
alone to prevent all instances of scientific misconduct and should be regarded rather as one means of bolstering the integrity
of the entire scientific enterprise. 相似文献
129.
130.
John Northup David P. Wacker Wendy K. Berg Laura Kelly Gary Sasso Agnes DeRaad 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(1):33-47
We evaluated the feasibility of local school personnel conducting functional analysis and reinforcement-based treatment procedures within actual classroom settings. Following an initial in-service workshop on functional assessment and differential reinforcement procedures, on-site technical assistance was provided two to four times per month to local school personnel working in transdisciplinary teams. Overall results suggest that local school personnel were able to implement all procedures adequately with periodic technical assistance. In addition, functional analysis was effective in identifying individual maintaining contingencies, the derived treatments were effective, and the results were maintained throughout the approximate 18 months of this investigation. 相似文献