自尊概念辨析

自尊是个人对自我价值和自我能力的情感体验,属于自我系统中的情感成分,具有一定的评价意义。它与其相近概念,如自尊需要、自我效能、自我价值、自我概念等都有着本质的区别和联系。该文就自尊的概念及其与相关概念的区别与联系进行了尝试性探讨,以期抛砖引玉,更好地认识自尊这一人格变量。     

流动儿童自我概念的发展及其与心理健康的关系*

探讨9-15岁流动儿童自我概念的发展及其与心理健康的关系。选取北京市4所打工子弟学校9-15岁流动儿童644名,9-15岁城市普通儿童441名。采用Song-Hattie自我概念量表和心理健康量表（青少年版）分别评估自我概念和心理健康状况。结果发现：（1）流动儿童自我概念自9岁至15岁总体上均呈现下降趋势;（2）流动儿童的自我概念水平显著低于同龄城市普通儿童,但总体发展趋势与普通儿童相似;（3）流动儿童自我概念与心理健康之间存在正相关关系,自我概念各因子对心理健康有很好的预测作用。     

Sociocultural Predictors of Physical Appearance Concerns among Adolescent Girls and Young Women from China

This research assessed the extent to which sociocultural predictors of body dissatisfaction implicated in Western studies extend to the prediction of physical appearance concerns among young women and adolescent girls in Southwest China. In Study 1, 408 Chinese university-age women completed measures of fatness concern (FC), facial appearance concerns (FAC), sociocultural influence (i.e., appearance pressure, comparison, teasing), and demographics. In hierarchical regression analyses, appearance pressure and comparison predicted both FC and FAC, independent of other factors. In Study 2, effects of appearance pressure and comparison were replicated among middle school (n = 346) and high school (n = 563) girls. Together, findings suggest that appearance pressure and social comparison correspond with specific body image concerns of young females in China.     

身份凸显性：启动自我的开关

当意识到自己特定的身份时, 个人往往在这个身份的框架内来感知周围的世界。身份凸显性指特定身份在社会情境中启动的可能性。相关研究者分别从人格, 自我归类和社会建构的角度来认识身份凸显性, 它与自我概念整合存在紧密关系。身份凸显性的影响因素主要包括：身份承诺水平, 情绪, 群体规模和地位, 以及情境中相关线索的优势水平。另外, 阐述了几个抑制或干扰身份凸显性的策略：去类别化、再类别化和次类别化。未来研究需关注不同水平身份如何相互作用, 自我概念整合, 从社会构建的角度探索抑制或干扰身份凸显性的策略, 以及跨文化研究。     

Culture and the Development of Self-Knowledge

ABSTRACT— Although a great deal of work in the past decades has shown cultural variations in self-knowledge among adults, not until recently have researchers started to examine developmental processes and mechanisms that give rise to the variations. I discuss our research on the development of two kinds of self-knowledge: autobiographical memory and self-concept. Our findings indicate that children develop culture-specific self-knowledge early in life; the two kinds of self-knowledge reinforce each other at both individual and cultural levels; and early narrative practices constitute an important resource from which children draw cultural views about the self to incorporate into their self-understanding and remembering.     

学校归属感与学生发展的探索研究

采用问卷调查法探讨中小学生的学校归属感与学校适应、自我概念、同伴关系及班级环境的关系。结果表明:1)学校适应、自我概念、同伴关系和班级环境与中小学生的学校归属感有密切的关系;2)学校归属感能有效的预测学生的自我概念;3)师生关系和同伴关系对学校归属感有重要影响,是学校归属感显著的预测变量;4)学校类型对学校归属感有显著的影响,重点中学学生的学校归属感显著高于其他类型学校的学生。     

中学教师自我概念的特点研究

目的:探讨中学教师自我概念的特点。方法:采用自编“中学教师自我概念问卷”对448名中学教师进行调查。结果:(1)初高中教师自我概念水平基本相同,重点高中教师的工作自我高于普通高中教师,生理自我低于普通高中教师。(2)中学男教师社会心理自我和生理自我高于女教师,道德自我低于女教师。(3)中学乡镇教师工作自我高于城市教师。(4)中学教师在社会心理自我、工作自我、生理自我方面表现出教龄的差异性,并呈现出一定的规律:随着教龄的增长,自我概念的发展是先下降,然后逐步回升。     

大学新生交流恐惧与自我概念的关系

对555名大学新生进行研究,探讨了大学新生的交流恐惧与自我概念的关系。结果表明:1大学新生的交流恐惧在性别上有显著差异;2自我概念与交流恐惧存在较高的负相关;3个人自我、身体自我、现实自我对大学新生交流恐惧具有显著预测作用。     

自我概念在父母情感关爱与儿童发展间的完全中介效应

运用问卷法,对北京612名中小学生及其父母分别进行了儿童孤独退缩行为、自我概念及父母情感关爱行为测试,运用LISEREL软件对数据的分析结果表明:父母情感关爱行为通过儿童自我概念的完全中介作用,对儿童的孤独退缩行为起到明显的抑制作用;在父母情感关爱行为和儿童学业成就之间,儿童的学业自我概念也起到了明显的完全中介效果.从而支持了儿童自我概念在父母情感关爱与儿童发展间的完全中介地位.     

Body image and explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes: the mediating role of physical appearance comparisons

Prejudice against overweight people is rife. However, there is a paucity of research on the underlying reasons for it. In two studies the relationship between body image, the tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (PACS), and both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes was examined. In Study 1 (n = 227) people with a high tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (high PACS scorers) reported lower self-appearance evaluation, but higher appearance orientation and explicit anti-fat attitudes. The PACS fully mediated the relationship between appearance orientation and explicit anti-fat attitudes. Study 2 (n = 134) found that the PACS also mediated the relationship between appearance orientation and implicit anti-fat attitudes. Thus, individual differences in factors such as body image and the tendency to make appearance-related comparisons, appear to play a central role in both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes.