关于阅读的眼动研究

本文对阅读的眼动研究作了一个概述,主要阐述心理学家利用眼动技术来研究人在阅读过程中的心理活动和心理现象以及信息加工过程：如阅读过程中的知觉广度、信息获取以及阅读过程中眼动的影响因素。此外．本文对眼动技术本身和眼动控制模型也做了深刻的阐述,并提出了自己的观点。     

汽车驾驶行为的眼动研究

对汽车驾驶行为的眼动研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文重点介绍了不同路况下的驾驶行为及影响其行为的心理和生理因素的眼动研究．分析了用眼动分析方法研究交通心理学的特点．并对了该领域今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

大学生词的获得年龄、熟悉度、具体性和词频效应的眼动研究

采用眼动实验方法,研究大学生词的获得年龄、熟悉度、具体性和词频四个变量在句子阅读中所产生的字词识别效应,以及效应作用的时间进程。对这四个变量与词阅读的首次注视时间、单一注视时间、凝视时间、总注视时间进行多元重复回归分析,结果发现,词频和熟悉度在词识别过程的所有方面都具有重要性,获得年龄对词识别的早期加工过程敏感,具体性对各个阶段的词识别影响不显著。     

中文阅读过程中字形快速启动的眼动研究

以字形相似的汉字为启动字,探讨字形信息激活在汉字识别中的时间进程。实验1采用命名任务考察三种启动时间条件下是否存在字形启动效应,结果发现当启动时间为35ms时,出现稳定的字形启动效应。实验2采用眼动记录法考察阅读过程中的快速启动,结果在三种启动时间条件下均未发现显著的启动效应。     

算术应用题表征策略的眼动研究

采用EyelinkⅡ眼动记录仪,以21名大学生为被试,探讨了大学生解决三步比较应用题的表征策略。实验设计为2(正确率:高、低)×2(题型:一致、不一致)×2(无关信息:插入、未插入)的三因素混合实验。结果表明:(1)大学生被试解三步式比较应用题存在直译策略和问题模型策略;(2)解题正确率高者解难度较大的应用题时倾向于对应用题情境进行加工,即采用问题模型策略,正确率低者未表现出这一倾向,往往采用直译策略。     

Returning to the Religion of Abraham: Controversies over the Gafatar Movement in Contemporary Indonesia

This article explores the idea of ‘Milah Abraham’, a term used and advocated by Ahmad Mushaddeq and Mahful Muis, the founders of Gafatar (Gerakan Fajar Nusantara/Archipelagic Dawn Movement). Mahful Muis, a prominent companion of Mushaddeq, has written many works about the idea of the religion of Abraham. This article answers the questions of how the idea of Milah Abraham emerged, and what are the implications of its emergence in the context of plural Indonesian Islam. Based on interviews and the written works of both Gafatar leaders, this study explores the idea of the religion of Abraham and how it can go beyond Judaism, Christianity and Islam to a new spirituality that combines the three religious traditions. The idea of Milah Abraham not only offers a new syncretism in the context of plural Indonesian Islam, but also challenges the establishment of Islamic orthodoxy in the country. Since the 1970s, the idea of returning to the religion of Abraham has contributed to the discussion of pluralism among many Indonesian Muslim intellectuals.     

Embodying the Couple Relationship: Kinesthetic Empathy and Somatic Mirroring in Couples Therapy

Kinesthetic sensitivity plays a central role in the development of empathy and in understanding others’ intentions, skills that greatly affect spousal satisfaction. The present study examines how, in the couple relationship, somatic mirroring of the other’s physical expressions creates an emotional experience in the relationship, and in couples therapy, sets processes in motion. Such understanding is critical in couples therapy to harness the embodied knowledge needed to address issues in areas where verbal discussion is insufficient. Nine couples (n?=?18) participated in 12 couples therapy sessions that incorporated somatic mirroring. The sessions were documented on video and through the personal diaries kept by the therapists and patients. The participants related to four main themes: Somatic mirroring (a) creates comfort and emotional availability, (b) contributes to identifying and labeling feeling, (c) contributes to arousing intimacy and desire, and (d) avoiding somatic mirroring is characteristic of moments of conflict in the relationship. To create a bridge between the research and the clinic, in the Discussion section methods for connecting with embodied knowledge in couples therapy are examined, with the implications of having familiarity with such knowledge on the intimate relationship and the couple’s communication.     

线索提示对放射医学决策的影响：来自眼动的证据

为了探讨知识经验与他人的影响在放射科医生做决策时哪一因素的作用更大,本研究采用SMI250眼动记录仪,记录专家和新手放射科医生检测胸部X光片的眼睛注视过程。结果发现：（1）专家和新手在无线索提示下的漏报率多于有线索提示,专家在有无线索提示下的漏报率的差值小于新手。（2）专家在有线索提示下的隐蔽位置小结节的漏报率低于无线索提示,新手在有线索提示下的所有类型结节的漏报率均低于无线索提示。（3）专家和新手在有线索提示下的敏感性高于无线索提示。（4）有线索提示下,专家与新手的注视次数和总注视时间增多。这表明放射科医生做决策时,其知识经验与他人的影响共同起作用。他人影响对新手来说作用更大。     

Perceptual grouping boosts visual working memory capacity and reduces effort during retention

Consistent, robust boosts to visual working memory capacity are observed when colour–location arrays contain duplicate colours. The prevailing explanation suggests that duplicated colours are encoded as one perceptual group. If so, then we should observe not only higher working memory capacity overall for displays containing duplicates, but specifically an improved ability to remember unique colours from displays including duplicates compared with displays comprising all uniquely coloured items. Furthermore, less effort should be required to retain displays as colour redundancy increases. I recorded gaze position and pupil sizes during a visual change detection task including displays of 4–6 items with either all unique colours, two items with a common colour, or three items with a common colour in samples of young and healthy elderly adults. Increased redundancy was indeed associated with higher estimated working memory capacity, both for tests of duplicates and uniquely coloured items. Redundancy was also associated with decreased pupil size during retention, especially in young adults. While elderly adults also benefited from colour redundancy, spillover to unique items was less obvious with low redundancy than in young adults. This experiment confirms previous findings and presents complementary novel evidence linking perceptual grouping via colour redundancy with decreased mental effort.     

Position Sense Dysfunction Affects Proximal and Distal Arm Joints in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

It is unclear, whether proprioceptive dysfunction in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is localized affecting only specific joints or whether it is generalized affecting proximal and distal joints. Thus, this study assessed position sense acuity at the elbow and wrist in twenty children with DCD (age: 9–11 yrs.) using a joint position matching paradigm. Position sense bias (systematic error) at either joint was not significantly higher in DCD children when compared to typically developing children (TD). However, DCD children exhibited significantly lower position sense precision (random error) than TD children at both elbow and wrist. That is, response reliability to proprioceptive stimuli is altered in DCD. Our findings are consistent with a view that proprioceptive dysfunction in DCD is generalized in nature.