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511.
512.
Jürgen Habermas’s discourse-theoretic reconstruction of the normative foundations of democracy assumes the formal separation
of democratic political practice from the economic system. Democratic autonomy presupposes a vital public sphere protected
by a complex schedule of individual rights. These rights are supposed to secure the formal and material conditions for democratic
freedom. However, because Habermas argues that the economy must be left to function according to endogenous market dynamics,
he accepts as a condition of democracy (the formal separation of spheres) a social structure that is in fact anti-democratic.
The value of self-determination that Habermas’s theory of democracy presupposes is contradicted by the actual operations of
capitalist markets. Further democratic development demands that the steering mechanisms of the capitalist market be challenged
by self-organizing civic movements. 相似文献
513.
Building upon extant literature, we examine the influence gender and employment status exert on abortion attitudes among the mass public. Specifically, we assess if men, employed women, and homemaker women view the abortion issue differently and if the same factors account for variation in each group's attitudes toward abortion. Analysis of General Social Survey data from 1973 to 2000 indicates that although homemaker women tend to be more pro-life than do men or working women, the attitudes of all 3 groups exhibit similar changes over time. In addition, our results suggest that the same variables account for variation in abortion attitudes for all 3 groups. Our results suggest that the causes and effects of abortion attitudes do not appear to be gender-specific, but rather are relatively uniform across genders and employment statuses. 相似文献
514.
Zilgalvis P 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):277-281
Conflict of interest is an issue that has been put in the spotlight by the commercial application of the new biomedical technologies.
This paper presents the approach of the Council of Europe and the binding legal instruments to deal with this problem. The
main focus is on the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, and its draft additional Protocol on Biomedical Research.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002.
The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect any official position of the Council of Europe. 相似文献
515.
Alison Harvey 《Science as culture》2013,22(3):291-313
The pedigree chart is a cornerstone technology for producing bodies and value in livestock pure breeding. It organizes a cluster of processes, technologies, and discourses gathered under the rubric ‘pedigree practices’. Angus breeders commonly use artificial insemination to import performance ‘genetics’ into their herds, using the ‘expected progeny differences’ predicted by massive pedigree databases that now also contain phenotype data reported by cattle growers. Discourses of biological inheritance, good breeding, and pedigrees arose in the eighteenth century, concomitant with a fascination with races, species, and other biological kinds. A case study from Angus cattle breeding illustrates pedigree practices and the bodies made through them, showing how information and computing technologies, assisted reproductive technologies, and discourses of good breeding, purity, health, and disease leveraged a single bull and the two genetic diseases he carried into the pedigrees of up to 10% of the Angus herd. Technologies now widely used in human reproductive medicine were developed for use in livestock animals, especially cattle, extending a long relationship between cows and humans. While the development of these pedigree practices represents increased control over animal reproduction and bodies, it has also been instrumental in rendering all animal bodies, including human bodies, not only more technically but also more rhetorically available for reproductive interventions. These interventions may amplify anxieties about health, species, breed, and kin while also providing opportunities for contesting the boundaries of these nature–cultural categories. 相似文献
516.
Ignacio Morgado Bernal 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(23-24):4-17
RESUMENJuan D. Delius es profesor de Psicología Experimental Animal y responsable del laboratorio del mismo nombre en el instituto de Psicología de la universidad del Ruhr y es discípulo de Niko Tinbergen. En esta entrevista, el profesos Delius reflexiona sobre los avances recientes en Psicobiología y su importancia para el desarrollo de la Psicología científica, sobre la necesidad de formación psicobiológica de los psicólogos y las necesidades y posibilidades de organización racional de los estudios de psicología. Se realiza una profunda reflexión importante, en esta etapa de redefinición de la organización académica en España, sobre la organización académica de las enseñanzas de psicología y de la investigación universitaria. 相似文献
517.
Catherine D. Rau 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(1):95-104
Valueware: Technology, Humanity and Organization Christopher Barnatt Praeger Publishers, Praeger Studies on the 21st Century, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT. 1998, 228 pp, references, chapter notes and index. Paperback, ISBN: 0–275–967 15–8, $22.95 USD Looking Down the Road: A Systems Approach to Futures Studies Douglas Raybeck Waveland Press, Inc., Prospect Heights, IL. 2000, 131 pp., appendix, bibliography and index. Paperback, ISBN: 1–57766–116–8, $10.95 USD 相似文献
518.
Jennifer A. Selby 《文化与宗教》2013,14(4):441-462
This paper considers contemporary discourse in France that positions secularism (laïcité) as a guarantor of Muslim women's rights. In the first section I sketch a socio-historical genealogy of this discourse focusing on key shifts in its articulation. I suggest that the current identification between secularism and Muslim women's rights has its main expressions in recent public policy commissions and, as an example on the ground, in the positions taken by France's largest feminist organisation, Femmes Solidaires. Informed by one another, these commissions and this organisation (a) conceptualise Islam as overtly political and patriarchal and (b) define secularism as the primary way to ‘liberate’ Muslim women. The second section examines the impact of this discourse on Muslim communities in Petit Nanterre, a Parisian suburb where I conducted extensive anthropological fieldwork. Significantly, Muslim women in this suburb are uninterested in headscarf-related debates on secularism and more vividly engaged in the 2005 Pork Affair, a locally oriented controversy in a public school. I conclude that the religious concerns of the Muslim women positioned at the centre of the secular debate are expressed in certain forms of activism, efforts ignored by commissions and women's advocacy groups. 相似文献
519.
Jing-Bao Nie 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2013,13(3):W21-W33
To monopolize the scientific data gained by Japanese physicians and researchers from vivisections and other barbarous experiments performed on living humans in biological warfare programs such as Unit 731, immediately after the war the United States (US) government secretly granted those involved immunity from war crimes prosecution, withdrew vital information from the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and publicly denounced otherwise irrefutable evidence from other sources such as the Russian Khabarovsk trial. Acting in “the national interest” and for the security of the US, authorities in the US tramped justice and morality, and engaged in what the English common law tradition clearly defines as “complicity after the fact.” To repair this historical injustice, the US government should issue an official apology and offer appropriate compensation for having covered up Japanese medical war crimes for six decades. To help prevent similar acts of aiding principal offender(s) in the future, international declarations or codes of human rights and medical ethics should include a clause banning any kind of complicity in any unethical medicine—whether before or after the fact—by any state or group for whatever reasons. 相似文献
520.
Indecent Medicine: In Defense of the Absolute Prohibition against Physician Participation in Torture
Richard S. Matthews 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2013,13(3):W34-W44
In a recent article, Gross (2004) argues that physicians in decent societies have a civic duty to aid in the torturing of suspected terrorists during emergency conditions. The argument presupposes a communitarian society in which considerations of common good override questions of individual rights, but it is also utilitarian. In the event that there is a ticking bomb and no other alternative available for defusing it, torture must be used, and physicians must play their part. In an earlier article, Jones (1980) also argues in favour of physician participation in torture, going so far as to enthusiastically endorse the allocation of research resources as well to ensure that the ability to meet emergency situations is as efficient as scientifically possible. I argue against both these views and defend the absolute prohibition against torture generally, and against any participation by physicians in particular. I show that these arguments are incompatible with liberal or decent societies, and that the institutional requirements for making torture effective would constitute an unacceptable degradation both of medical ethics and practice, as well as of political institutions in general. 相似文献