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51.
Salvi M 《Science and engineering ethics》2001,7(1):15-28
In this paper I deal with ethical implications arising from animal biotechnology. I analyse some general questions surrounding
the production of transgenic animals through a specific case study: the oncomouse. In particular, I explore ethical factors
involved in the production of oncomice. This is because biologists genetically modify animals’ germ cells and refuse to modify
human germ cells. I will underline how the international community has thus far justified this ‘ethical difference’.
The opinions here expressed are personal and do not commit the European Commission.
Maurizio Salvi is member of the Scientific Staff of the Higher Institute of Philosophy, University of Leuven. Currently he
is a Scientific Officer (National Expert Detached) of the European Commission, (Directorate-General XII, Science Research
and Development, Directorate B.II.3) dealing with Bioethics research. 相似文献
52.
Marc Bekoff 《Zygon》2001,36(4):615-655
My essay first takes me into the arena in which science, spirituality, and theology meet. I comment on the enterprise of science and how scientists could well benefit from reciprocal interactions with theologians and religious leaders. Next, I discuss the evolution of social morality and the ways in which various aspects of social play behavior relate to the notion of “behaving fairly.” The contributions of spiritual and religious perspectives are important in our coming to a fuller understanding of the evolution of morality. I go on to discuss animal emotions, the concept of personhood, and how our special relationships with other animals, especially the companions with whom we share our homes, help us to define our place in nature, our humanness. It is when we take the life of another being in the ritual of compassionately euthanizing them (“putting them to sleep”) that who we are in the grand scheme of things comes to the fore. I end with a discussion of the importance of ethological studies, behavioral research in which a serious attempt is made to understand animals in their own worlds, inquiries in which it is asked, “What is it like to be another species?” Species other than nonhuman primates need to be studied. I plead for developing compassionate, heartfelt, and holistic science that allows for interdisciplinary talk about respect, grace, spirituality, religion, love, Earth, and God. 相似文献
53.
Mary E. Hunt 《Zygon》2001,36(4):737-751
This is a critical look at the question of design from a feminist theological perspective. The author analyzes James Moore's 1995 Zygon article, "Cosmology and Theology: The Reemergence of Patriarchy." Then she looks at the relationship between science and religion from a feminist perspective, focusing on the kyriarchal nature of theology itself in light of the myriad power issues at hand. Finally, she suggests that, instead of pondering the notion of design, scientists and theologians might more fruitfully look for new ground for dialogue since feminist scholars are asking very different questions, not just answering questions differently. 相似文献
54.
精神分裂症动物模型的建立与发展,是当前探索精神分裂症的神经生物学和认知心理学机制的一个关键课题。在加工-保护理论的基础上所建立起来的感觉运动门控精神分裂症模型一直受到普遍的关注。然而,高级认知活动是如何对感觉门控进行调节的这一核心问题目前还有待进一步的解决。本综述围绕着这个核心问题,系统地解释为什么惊反射前脉冲抑制成为目前最为流行的一种精神分裂症的模型,并介绍恐惧情绪学习对感觉运动门控调节作用的最新研究成果,以及阐述这种自上而下的调节作用如何受到在早期发育阶段的社会隔离的影响 相似文献
55.
焦虑和抑郁动物模型的研究方法和策略 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
焦虑和抑郁障碍是严重威胁人们健康的精神疾病。焦虑和抑郁动物模型是通过一定的心理社会应激使动物产生明显的焦虑和抑郁情绪,模拟人类焦虑和抑郁障碍,以探讨其细胞、分子和基因水平机制。情绪障碍动物模型通常通过表面效度、结构效度和预测效度进行评价。目前的动物模型虽然存在一定的缺点,但已经为临床和科研提供了巨大帮助。 相似文献
56.
57.
《Trends in cognitive sciences》2015,19(10):555-557
58.
Invisible Stimuli,Implicit Thresholds: Why Invisibility Judgments
Cannot be Interpreted in Isolation
Thomas Schmidt 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(2):31-41
Some studies of unconscious cognition rely on judgments of participants stating
that they have “not seen” the critical stimulus (e.g., in a masked-priming
experiment). Trials in which participants gave invisibility judgments are then
treated as those where the critical stimulus was “subliminal” or “unconscious,”
as opposed to trials with higher visibility ratings. Sometimes, only these
trials are further analyzed, for instance, for unconscious priming effects. Here
I argue that this practice requires implicit assumptions about subjective
measures of awareness incompatible with basic models of categorization under
uncertainty (e.g., modern signal-detection and threshold theories). Most
importantly, it ignores the potential effects of response bias. Instead of
taking invisibility judgments literally, they would better be employed in
parametric experiments where stimulus visibility is manipulated systematically,
not accidentally. This would allow studying qualitative and double dissociations
between measures of awareness and of stimulus processing per se. 相似文献
59.
Rodolfo Garau 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2016,24(2):231-256
This paper focuses on an understudied aspect of Hobbes's natural philosophy: his approach to the domain of life. I concentrate on the role assigned by Hobbes to the heart, which occupies a central role in both his account of human physiology (which he names ‘vital motion’) and of the origin of animal locomotion (‘animal or voluntary motion’). With this, I have three goals in mind. First, I aim to offer a cross-section of Hobbes's effort to provide a mechanistic picture of human life. Second, I aim to contextualize Hobbes's views in the seventeenth-century debates on human physiology and animal locomotion. In particular, I will compare Hobbes's views with the theories put forth by Harvey, Descartes, the Galenic, and Peripatetic traditions. Also, I will show that Hobbes was receptive to advances within contemporary English physiology and chemistry. Third, by means of a comparison with Descartes, I advance some hypothesis to explain why Hobbes indentified the heart, and not the brain (as was increasingly common in his day), as the organ originating animal locomotion. In this regard, I trace out some possible implications of Hobbes's views on human physiology and locomotion for his psychology and political philosophy. 相似文献
60.
Magfirah Dahlan-Taylor 《文化与宗教》2016,17(3):352-365
In a society where animals to be consumed as food are produced using modern industrial animal farming system (described as postdomestic in Bulliet [2005]), most people who consume animals are very much removed from the production process. Most consumers do not participate actively or have intimate knowledge of the rearing and slaughtering of animals for food. In this article, I critically analyse existing Islamic responses to problems arising from the postdomestic condition with regard to consuming animal as food. In this article, my analysis focuses on making explicit the connection between the assumption of barbarity in the civilising discourse surrounding religious requirement for animal slaughter and the problem of postdomestic concealment of animals we consume. Furthermore, I analyse the role that the Islamic requirement for animal slaughter (zabiha) and the tradition of Festival of Sacrifice (eid al-adha) can have potential solutions that religion can offer to the problems of postdomesticity. 相似文献