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91.
杜乐勋 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,(9)
医师作为一种职业,必然要和医师本人的经济利益发生关系。一旦医师的行为和经济利益发生关系,就有可能和医师的社会责任发生冲突。市场的调控作用不能很有效地调节和监控医师的行为,需要通过制度影响医师的经济利益,引导医师负起社会责任。讨论医师的市场准入资格的审定;讨论医师的行医方式和报酬制度的建设;讨论政府主导作用的弱化对医师行为的影响;讨论公立医院运行机制市场化倾向对医师行为的影响,并提出改进意见。 相似文献
92.
组织学习动力与行为的相关研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
通过对1074名各类企业员工和管理者的组织学习微观动力的测试,从宏观组织层面探讨了组织学习动力与组织学习行为之间的关系。结果表明:组织学习动力与组织学习行为相关显着。其中,组织学习动力中的“组织协调”因素对组织学习行为诸维度呈显着正相关,“交互性”因素对组织学习行为中的合作长远性和合作整体性维度呈显着正相关。 相似文献
93.
Ellen J. Teng Douglas W. Woods Brook A. Marcks Michael P. Twohig 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2004,26(1):55-64
This paper reports on 2 studies designed to examine the contribution of affective variables on the expression of body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs; e.g., skin picking, nail biting). The first study revealed that persons engaging in a BFRB experienced significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than those without BFRBs. The second study was conducted to determine if repetitive behaviors were differentially affected across various emotional states and across those persons with and without BFRBs. Participants were randomly exposed to anxiety, depression, boredom, and control conditions. Results showed no differential effects on the occurrence of repetitive behaviors within the no-BFRB group; however, the BFRB group engaged in more repetitive behaviors in the Bored condition than in the Control condition. This study offers the first experimental evidence that emotional variables can have a differential impact on the expression of BFRBs. 相似文献
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The strategies used by anxious individuals to prevent feared outcomes, known as safety behaviors, are thought to maintain pathological anxiety by preventing the disconfirmation of inaccurate threat beliefs. However, it is possible that safety behaviors might also contribute to the development and exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. The present study tested this notion in a sample of undergraduate participants with either low (n=30) or high (n=26) levels of contamination fear. After a week-long baseline period, participants spent 1 week engaging in a clinically representative array of contamination-related safety behaviors on a daily basis, followed by a second baseline period. Subsequent to the safety behavior manipulation, participants evidenced statistically significant increases in threat overestimation, contamination fear symptoms, and emotional and avoidant responses to three contamination-related behavioral avoidance tasks (BATs). In contrast, anxiety and depressive symptoms remained stable. The magnitude of change in contamination concerns was equivalent among participants in both contamination fear groups. Our findings suggest that contamination-related safety behaviors elicit a modest and specific increase in the fear of contamination. Possible mechanisms for this effect, as well as implications for the role of safety behaviors in the psychopathology of anxiety disorders, are discussed. 相似文献
98.
Gracie H. Boswell Eva Kahana Peggye Dilworth-Anderson 《Journal of religion and health》2006,45(4):587-602
The goal of this study was to examine stress-ameliorating effects of religiosity, spirituality, and healthy lifestyle behaviors
on the stressful relationship of chronic illness and the subjective physical well-being of 221 older adults. We also investigated
whether the intervening variables functioned as coping behaviors and orientations or as adaptations in late life. Guided by
the stress paradigm, path analysis was used to assess these relationships in a stress suppressor model and a distress deterrent
model. No suppressor effects were found; however a number of distress deterrent relationships were detected. Spirituality,
physical activities, and healthy diet all contributed to higher subjective physical well-being, as counter-balancing effects,
in the distress deterrent model. The findings have implications for future research on the role of spirituality, religiosity
and lifestyle behaviors on the well-being of chronically ill older adults. Findings also support the need for studying different
dimensions of religiosity and spirituality in an effort to understand coping versus adaptation in behaviors and orientations.
Gracie H. Boswell, Ph.D., M.Ed. (Case Western Reserve University) and (M. Ed.- Kent State University). She is a Carolina Program
in Health and Aging Research Scientist at the Institute on Aging- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research
interests have been social gerontology and quality of life, emphasizing religiosity/spirituality.
Eva Kahana, Ph.D. (University of Chicago) is Pierce T. and Elizabeth D. Robson Professor of Humanities and Director of the
Elderly Care Research Center- Case Western Reserve University. Her research concentration has been the sociology of aging
(coping & stress and institutionalization).
Peggye Dilworth-Anderson, Ph.D. (Northwestern University) is Director- Center for Aging and Diversity, Institute on Aging,
Professor- School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Administration at University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. Her research interests have been caregiving and minority health disparities. 相似文献
99.
This study investigated the effects of a dependent group-oriented contingency on the supportive and non-supportive fair play behaviors of 6th grade students engaged in volleyball games as part of their physical education instruction. Six students, one male and one female per class, from three classes, identified as demonstrating low incidences of supportive behaviors during volleyball games, were participants in this study. A multiple baseline across classes design was used to examine the data. During baseline few incidences of non-supportive behaviors occurred among all six students. However, the participants seldom displayed supportive behaviors during games (i.e., encouraged each other). Following the introduction of the dependent group contingency, supportive behaviors for all participants increased. Follow-up data, collected in an alternative setting, indicated variable maintenance. The results are discussed in the context of group contingencies and social behaviors in sports. 相似文献
100.
The current study examined whether the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior is moderated by maladaptive and/or adaptive coping strategies. At time 1, 411 adolescents (ages 14–19) from Yue Yang, Hunan, completed self-report measures assessing coping strategies, engagement in risky behaviors, and the occurrence of negative events. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, adolescents completed measures assessing engagement in risky behaviors and the occurrence of negative events. In line with our hypotheses, results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents possessing high levels of maladaptive coping strategies reported greater engagement in risky behaviors following the occurrence of negative events than adolescents possessing low levels. In contrast to our hypotheses, the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior was not moderated by adaptive coping strategies. 相似文献