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271.
Bruce Rayno Gregory S. Parnell Roger C. Burk Brian W. Woodruff 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》1997,6(6):344-354
The Air Force SPACECAST 2020 study identified and prioritized some future space systems and technologies required in the next century. This paper presents the results of research on the SPACECAST 2020 value model. The model determines and prioritizes future space systems’ utility towards controlling and exploiting space. This research identifies the assumptions and simplifications in the additive utility function and assesses modifications. The research shows that mutual utility independence of the mission areas is a reasonable assumption. Mutual utility independence allows the use of the multiplicative and multilinear utility functions. Also, the SPACECAST 2020 scoring functions used the same scoring scale and only measured the utility of future capabilities. This study makes modifications to the SPACECAST 2020 measure-of-merit scoring functions. It replaces most of these functions with either a concave, convex, linear or ‘S’ scoring function, which have expanded capability ranges to include both current and future capabilities. The modified scoring functions and alternative utility functions do not alter the SPACECAST 2020 results but do improve the credibility and future usefulness of the model. This study shows that the initial assumption of using an additive utility function is also valid. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
272.
Norbert A. Wetzel 《Family process》2024,63(1):17-33
Family systems therapy originated in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s through the work of innovative thinkers and clinicians. However, despite the creative contributions of the mentioned colleagues and of later innovations in family therapy theory and practice, it seems as though the dominant culture of establishment psychiatry in the United States (and in most Western countries) to this day has not seriously incorporated relationships, social context, or community connectedness into the treatment of individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. For the “psychiatric” patients diagnosed according to the DSM-5, the dominant underlying epistemological perspective is the medical “scientific” paradigm. Within this approach there is a dearth of reflections about the truthfulness of so-called “empirical facts” and a lack of skepticism about the techniques of “measurement” of the psychiatric illness. The alternative, relationship-oriented, context-sensitive, and community-connected thinking paradigm is highlighted here in contrast to the “psychiatric” foundation. This paradigm consists of (a) the awareness that all human Subjects (including “psychiatric” clients) are constituted as such by their relational connection to others; (b) the awareness of our sensitivity to and embeddedness in a socio-economic, cultural, and racial context; and (c) the awareness of our involvement in and connectedness with many kinds of communities. 相似文献
273.
The present study investigated the relationship between Epstein’s (1998, Constructive thinking: The key to emotional intelligence. London: Praeger publisher.) components of constructive thinking and burnout as experienced by a sample of Dutch secondary
school teachers. A postal questionnaire was sent to teachers from randomly selected secondary schools. The response rate was
54.1% (N=433). Four components of constructive thinking significantly contributed to the explained variance in emotional exhaustion
(17%), depersonalization (21%), and personal accomplishment (20%). The results of the study suggest that secondary school
teachers’ maladaptive thinking processes prevent them from rational thinking during their work, which significantly contributes
to the onset of burnout. Burnout intervention programs for teachers are likely to be more effective when the participator’s
maladaptive thinking system is taken into consideration. This stems from the idea that personality factors are a probably
easier point of departure to tackle burnout symptoms than organizational factors. 相似文献
274.
推行职工基本医疗保险制度的现实问题、法律对策与思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
崔为平 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2001,22(7):16-18
从医疗保险的理论入手,提出了改革是否成功的三条标准,进而推演到 我国城镇基本医疗保险制度的成效和优势。又从实践的角度,概括地列举了推行职工医疗保险制度改革中7个方面的现实问题。并着重论述了社会主义市场经济条件下解决上述问题的对策,其关键在于立法,在于建立健全相应的法律法规体系。从立法的角度阐述了立法规则、 立法监督、立法宣传和咨询,以及保险管理从业人员的专业化问题。对当前正在进行的医疗保险制度的改革有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
275.
Wolfhart Pannenberg 《Zygon》2001,36(4):799-800
In this statement, the author poses a number of questions that he believes John Polkinghorne left untouched in his response to Pannenberg's article "God as Spirit—and Natural Science." These questions include the role of philosophy in the interaction between theology and science, the concepts of space and time as prior to measurement, the relation between top-down and bottom-up thinking, and the concept of field. 相似文献
276.
以227名大学二年级理科生为被试,采用问卷调查法,探讨了学习策略在思维风格与数学学业成就关系中的作用。结果表明:(1)认知策略、元认知策略在等级制风格与数学学业成就关系中起完全中介的作用,而资源管理策略在等级制风格与数学学业成就间的中介效应不显著。(2)认知策略、元认知策略在整体性风格与数学学业成就关系中起部分中介的作用,而资源管理策略在整体性风格与数学学业成就间的中介效应不显著。(3)认知策略、元认知策略和资源管理策略在开放性风格与数学学业成就关系中起部分中介的作用。(4)元认知策略在等级制风格与数学学业成就间的中介作用以及在开放性风格与数学学业成就间的中介作用都是相对较大的。 相似文献
277.
Martin E. Eigenberger Christine Critchley Karen A. Sealander 《Journal of research in personality》2007
This article reports the results of using a specially designed scaled questionnaire to investigate the dualistic properties of epistemic style. The scale is introduced as a measure of individual difference in epistemic style, conceptualized within the framework of dual-process notions of cognitive function. The study examined several psychometric components of the measure, including dimensional structure, distributional characteristics, and indications of construct validity. The instrument, called the Epistemic Preference Indicator, was found to be a reliable and valid measure of two dimensions that are negatively related—each reflecting incompatible epistemic assumptions and approaches to solving knowledge-dependent problems. Theoretical speculations are made concerning the nature of epistemic dualism and the dimension of cognitive processing that may underlie the two proposed epistemic preferences or styles. 相似文献
278.
279.
科学临床思维与临床决策 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
临床医学不仅是经验科学,更是思维和决策的科学,养成科学的临床思维方式是每位医生的首要目标。本文介绍科学临床思维的理论基础和训练方法,进一步阐述科学临床决策的实施步骤,以提高医生的临床思维能力,使其思维真实与病人的客观真实相统一,以便更好地为病人服务。 相似文献
280.
人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌的关系及启示 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分子流行病学明确表明某些特定型别的人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是浸润性宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内病变的主要致病原因。在HPV与宫颈癌的关系研究中无时无刻不渗透着马克思主义哲学原理,从哲学的角度去思考将使我们更科学、更透彻地理解两者的关系。 相似文献