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191.
E.D. Starin 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(3):181-186
This paper presents data on the behaviours and food types associated with the transfer of individual food items in Temminck's red colobus (Procolobus badius temminckii). The relevance of (a) male–female differences and (b) the properties of the individual food items are addressed. Although the data are limited, it does suggest that food transfer, in this species, is infrequent, not particularly related to increasing nutritional knowledge or value, usually involve highly visible large items and is predominantly an aggressive male behaviour—from infancy through adulthood. Aggr. Behav. 32:1–6. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Dean Cleavenger William L. Gardner Ketan Mhatre 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(3):331-359
This study explores the effects of task interdependence (high versus low) and helping norms (supportive versus non-supportive)
on propensity to seek help. Participants were most likely to seek help when: (1) task interdependence was high, and (2) supportive
help-seeking norms were operative. A 2-way interaction also emerged. Under the non-supportive norms condition, help-seeking
was greatest for high versus low levels of task interdependence; when supportive norms were operative, relatively high levels
of help-seeking arose across task interdependence conditions. No support for the hypotheses that high self-esteem, high task
specific self-efficacy, and low achievement motivation would increase help-seeking was obtained. 相似文献
196.
Building on prior research studying effortful decision making and enactment processes (Bagozzi, Dholakia, & Basuroy, 2003; BDB), we identify and provide an in‐depth understanding of two specific self‐regulatory strategies: (1) formulating an implementation plan, and (2) remembering past actions, that decision makers can use in facilitating enactment of effortful decisions. The results of three experiments, in which the decision maker's goal and self‐regulatory strategy were manipulated, showed that for goals that decision makers chose volitionally, the motivational effects of both these strategies lay in increasing levels of proximal implementation‐related variables (implementation intentions, plan completeness, plan enactment, and goal realization) significantly. In contrast, for goals that were assigned to participants, these strategies' motivational effects additionally extended to significantly increasing distal goal‐related variables (goal desire, goal intentions, perceived self‐efficacy, and implementation desires). The theoretical implications of our findings are discussed, and future research opportunities are explored. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Michael Cholbi 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(4):323-334
Philosophers have harbored doubts about the possibility of moral expertise since Plato. I argue that irrespective of whether
moral experts exist, identifying who those experts are is insurmountable because of the credentials problem: Moral experts have no need to seek out others’ moral expertise, but moral non-experts lack sufficient knowledge to determine
whether the advice provided by a putative moral expert in response to complex moral situations is correct and hence whether
an individual is a bone fide expert. Traditional accounts of moral expertise require that moral experts give reliably correct
moral advice supported by adequate justification, an account which, I argue, is too lean in allowing for the possibility of
a moral expert who is motivationally indifferent to her own moral judgments and advice. Yet even if the proposition that a
moral expert is an individual who provides reliably correct moral advice supported by adequate justification and is necessarily motivated by that advice exhausts the necessary and sufficient conditions for moral expertise, this proposition
cannot function as an applicable criterion for non-experts to use in appraising would-be experts’ claims to expertise. The
credentials problem thus remains unanswered.
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Michael CholbiEmail: |
199.
自主-受控动机效应及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自我决定论是一种新的动机认知理论,它将动机区分为自主动机和受控动机。由受控动机到自主动机是一个连续体。在这个连续体上依据自主程度的高低分布着5种不同类型的动机。大量的研究表明不同类型动机之间存在不同的效应。而在实际应用中,要实现由受控动机向自主动机的转化,自主支持的环境是被证实的一个重要的因素。未来研究除了在研究方法上加以改进之外,在促进动机内化的具体应用研究方面还要进行更深入的探讨。而国内本土化研究则刚刚起步,有待于加强 相似文献
200.
公共物品两难中相互依赖关系对合作行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文关注初始关系建立过程中互动双方相互依赖关系对个体合作行为的影响,认为情境中表征个体间相互依赖关系的线索会对激活被试在情境中的社会动机并影响被试的信任信念,进而影响互动双方的合作行为。操作互动双方问基于互动制约的相互依赖和基于利益共同的相互依赖,模拟高相互依赖和低相互依赖关系情境。结果表明:①不同的相互依赖关系能够激活不同的社会动机和信任信念;②不同的相互依赖关系中,被试的合作行为有显著差异;③在特定的相互依赖关系中,被试的合作行为与其本身的信任倾向无显著相关;④特定相互依赖关系下被试的社会动机带有策略性,信任信念对被试合作行为的预测能力较强。 相似文献