角色压力源对教师生理健康与心理健康的影响

首先,对角色压力源量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验,6所学校586份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明,角色压力源问卷具有较好的效度和信度;7所学校612份调查问卷的验证性因素分析进一步验证了角色压力源问卷的效度和信度。然后,利用7所学校612份有效数据,采用层次回归分析考察了角色压力源与教师生理健康、心理健康的关系,结果表明:角色压力源对教师的生理健康与心理健康有显著的负向影响。     

Functional role theories of representation and content explanation: with a case study from spatial cognition

The aim of this paper is to show that the widespread opinion, according to which functional role theories of representation fail to account for content explanations of human and animal behaviour, cannot be confirmed with respect to each type of functional role theory. Functional resemblance theories (as referred to by O’Brien and Opie in Representation in mind, Elsevier, 2004) allow for content explanations of successfully performed cognitive abilities as much as for explanations of systematic errors resulting from misrepresentation. How functional roles do their explanatory work in actual scientific research examples is shown by a detailed exploration of model assumptions about homing performances based on path integration mechanisms in humans and animals.

孤独症患者教育中语用身份的建构及解决方案探讨

孤独症的心智理论和直接感知理论都将孤独症归结为对他心通达的能力问题,但是并没有详细考察在通达他心之前的语用身份预设问题。通过详细探索孤独症患者在教育过程中的语用身份叙事能力减弱、语用身份感的消退和语用身份划分困难的问题,指出孤独症与语用身份有内在的前提性关联,而孤独症患者语用身份建构的主体间性基础表现为语用身份建构的非心智性、情感独特性和情境性。在此基础上,提出角色扮演教育是解决孤独症患者教育中的语用身份建构问题的一个方案,通过角色扮演实现身体感知互换、情感互换和情境互换。

     

基于服务场景的中国医务社工角色探讨

明确定义中国医务社工的角色内涵与工作职责十分必要。基于入院前、急诊、门诊、住院、出院与安宁疗护六个不同医疗服务场景,仔细梳理并描述医务社工的角色与职责,体现医务社工的角色价值,推动社会、患者及其家属、医生与护士,乃至医务社工自身对该职业的理解与认同。此外,对应不同场景下医务社工的角色与职责,提出该群体需具备的知识与技能,并就如何确保此类知识与技能被中国医务社工牢固掌握提出有关教育与培训的建议。     

新冠疫情下过度胜任教师会进行知识共享吗?角色宽度自我效能感和知识共享意愿的链式中介作用

新冠肺炎疫情之下教育部要求教师利用网络平台"停课不停学"。本文以人-环境匹配理论为基础,探讨疫情之下过度胜任教师的知识共享行为。采用126份一线教师问卷调查数据,应用bootstrap进行了中介效应的检验。结果表明,过度胜任感较高的教师会产生更多的知识共享行为;角色宽度自我效能感和知识共享意愿在过度胜任感影响知识共享行为过程中起中介作用,且角色自我效能感和知识共享意愿还存在链式中介作用。研究成果深化了过度胜任感影响教师知识共享行为作用机制的认识,在重大社会事件下探索过度胜任带来的积极影响,并提出相应的政策建议,为学校教师提升教学水平以更好地完成教育教学目标提供理论和实践依据。     

基于社会角色视角的村卫生室发展探讨

村卫生室是三级卫生服务体系的网底,是农民健康的“保护伞”和农村社会的“稳定器”。村卫生室在发展过程中遭遇制度和资源瓶颈,运用社会角色理论分析各个利益主体与村卫生室之间的互动关系,研究村卫生室的角色距离和角色期望的表现形式,识别村卫生室的新角色期望内涵,并据此探讨村卫生室新角色实践途径。通过分析得出农村卫生服务系统的角色结构和村卫生室在其中扮演的角色丛,村卫生室要扮演好自己的社会角色,必须同时考虑“公共产品”和“私人产品”特征,以“公共产品”为自己的主要角色,“私人产品”为次要角色。     

Cultural Expectations of One's Own and Other Nations' Foreign Policy Action Templates

One useful conceptualization of culture is that of a preestablished set of behavioral competencies, which in turn form behavioral dispositions. According to this variant of culture theory, decision-makers faced with new situations will rely on established behavioral competencies in forming an initial policy response. This assumption can also be applied at the nation-state level, where established behavioral predispositions may lessen uncertainty and stress in ambiguous yet salient foreign policy situations. Likewise, observers in one nation-state may be able to identify such behavioral dispositions in other nation-states, lending greater transparency and predictability to international interactions. Do such culturally based action templates exist? Are they recognizable even to ordinary citizens? Citizens in Russia, Japan, and the United States were asked to posit the most likely and least likely behavioral responses to a variety of foreign policy situations by their own nation and by the other two nations in the sample. The results indicate that recognition of such templates takes place, and that recognition of one nation's template content by citizens of the other nations typically matches recognition of template content by the nation's own citizens. The research also shows that such action templates can be eroded and become unrecognizable over time, both to insiders and to outsiders.     

Negotiating the Boundaries of Science and Religion: The Case of Henry Margenau

The life of Henry Margenau (1901–1997) offers a case study in the complexity of the science-religion relation. As a physicist-philosopher at Yale University, he pursued a public program of "amalgamating religion with science." He drew upon his authority as a physicist and a tradition of philosophical idealism to advocate a "reciprocity" between the two spheres. He argued that a "new modesty" and "metaphysical attitude" among scientists created new opportunities for collaboration. At the same time, his view of faith and his sense of the religiousness of science created troubling ambiguities. In the end, Margenau embodied the ambivalent relation between science and religion while revealing the limits of renegotiating the boundaries.     

Community applications of instructional technology: training low-income proctors

A community education system might be most effectively implemented in low-income communities if it were deliverable by neighborhood residents. A proctor training manual, designed to teach neighborhood residents how to administer standardized learning units to their peers, was analyzed in two experiments. The results of Experiment I showed that the percentage of occurrence of proctor behaviors increased after completion of the manual. Supplementary data suggest that specified proctor behaviors generalize to actual instructional situations. The results of Experiment II showed that the percentage of occurrence of trainee behaviors was higher when instructional packages were administered by trained proctors than when administered by untrained proctors. This study demonstrates an effective procedure for training low-income community residents to serve as proctors for a community education system.