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133.
儿童同伴交往中的攻击行为:文化和性别特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
儿童的攻击行为随年龄的增加而变得多样化,由最初的外部攻击到后来比较隐蔽的社会性攻击,这在一定程度上具有适应意义。但这种适应意义的性质也因使用者的年龄、性别和所处的文化背景而不同。攻击行为与友谊和同伴接纳之间的关系也呈现出文化和性别差异。将来的研究应多从发展的视角探讨个体认知发展过程和认知类型对攻击行为的影响模式。 相似文献
134.
Tomás Fernández 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(1):39-45
RESUMENEn este trabajo no se pretende encontrar solución a la polémica entre la perspectiva conductista de Skinner y la etológica de Herrnstein acerca de la utilidad de inferir estados motivacionales y el uso explicativo que puede hacerse de ellos, sino más bien exponer los problemas que se plantea el autor a raíz de dicha polémica. Para ello analiza las aportaciones en la orientación conductista y la biológica, enfrentadas al pretender alcanzar, cada una por su lado, la totalidad de las conductas. El artículo finaliza destacando que la complementariedad de los enfoques de ambas disciplinas exige una traducción y no una mera recepción de las posiciones del “enemigo”. 相似文献
135.
Beverly J. Wilson Holly Petaja PhD Jenna Yun PhD Kathleen King PhD Jessica Berg MS Lindsey Kremmel PhD 《Child & family behavior therapy》2013,35(2):81-106
This study investigated associations between maternal and paternal emotion coaching and the self-regulation skills of kindergarten and first-grade children. Participants were 54 children categorized as either aggressive/rejected or low aggressive/popular by peer reports. Findings indicated a statistical trend for fathers of low aggressive/popular children to engage in more emotion coaching than fathers of aggressive/rejected children. Paternal emotion coaching accounted for significant variance in children's regulation of attention. Maternal emotion coaching moderated the relation between children's status and regulation of emotion. Findings suggest that interventions focused on parental emotion coaching may prove beneficial for increasing the self-regulation and attention skills of children with social and conduct problems. 相似文献
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137.
Martin Lotz 《Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review》2013,36(2):64-74
In psychoanalytical theory, the immediate future of the analysand has not been in the focus of interest. However, there is a change in the basic assumptions concerning the psychoanalytic process. Change is no longer seen as an inevitable automatic effect of insight into the unconscious. This is especially pertinent in the case of defect pathology. The author asks whether this altered view of the process will be followed by a change in technique. The question is: must change occasionally be stimulated by inspiration, suggestions and assessments from the analyst. While interpretation of the unconscious is still the major focus of analysis, some consideration of the next step of the analysand may also be part of our concern. 相似文献
138.
The subject of love may not seem an appropriate topic of scientific discourse, for we prefer turning to poetry to learn something meaningful about love. Nonetheless, we find three texts on the subject in Freud's work, all of which underline an internal division in love. He discussed the contrast between the affectionate and sensual aspects of love, while Lacanian writers have supplemented by pointing to the division between pleasure and desire. This article illustrates these concepts with cases taken from the Danish author Henrik Pontoppidan, one of the most prominent Danish writers from the turn of the 19th century. He is well-known for his novels and for his short novels. One of these, Nattevagt, from 1894, has been read by critics as a marital conflict between the painter Jørgen Hallager and his fragile wife Ursula Branth, who succumbs to the brutality of her husband. The author supplements this simple version of the story with aspects made visible through the idea of an internal division in sexuality, which Freud elaborated into his theory of the death drive around 1920. By way of introduction, a few words are said about Pontoppidan, focusing on the theme of love in his short novels. Following is a brief summary of the plot of Nattevagt. Finally a more detailed reading of the dialogue between the two protagonists, Jorgen and Ursula, opens the way for a psychoanalytic interpretation of the tragic outcome of their love. 相似文献
139.
Elena L. Grigorenko Colin G. DeYoung Maria Eastman Marya Getchell Gerald J. Haeffel Britt af Klinteberg Roman A. Koposov Lars Oreland Andrew J. Pakstis Oleg A. Ponomarev Vladislav V. Ruchkin Jay P. Singh Carolyn M. Yrigollen 《Aggressive behavior》2010,36(3):158-176
A number of dopamine‐related genes have been implicated in the etiology of violent behavior and conduct problems. Of these genes, the ones that code for the enzymes that influence the turnover of dopamine (DA) have received the most attention. In this study, we investigated 12 genetic polymorphisms in four genes involved with DA functioning (COMT, MAOA and MAOB, and DβH) in 179 incarcerated male Russian adolescents and two groups of matched controls: boys without criminal records referred to by their teachers as (a) “troubled‐behavior‐free” boys, n=182; and (b) “troubled‐behavior” boys, n=60. The participants were classified as (1) being incarcerated or not, (2) having the DSM‐IV diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) or not, and (3) having committed violent or nonviolent crimes (for the incarcerated individuals only). The findings indicate that, although no single genetic variant in any of the four genes differentiated individuals in the investigated groups, various linear combinations (i.e., haplotypes) and nonlinear combinations (i.e., interactions between variants within and across genes) of genetic variants resulted in informative and robust classifications for two of the three groupings. These combinations of genetic variants differentiated individuals in incarceration vs. nonincarcerated and CD vs. no‐CD groups; no informative combinations were established consistently for the grouping by crime within the incarcerated individuals. This study underscores the importance of considering multiple rather than single markers within candidate genes and their additive and interactive combinations, both with themselves and with nongenetic indicators, while attempting to understand the genetic background of such complex behaviors as serious conduct problems. Aggr. Behav. 36:158–176, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
140.
Anna Zajenkowska Konrad S. Jankowski Claire Lawrence Marcin Zajenkowski 《Personality and individual differences》2013
This paper examines the relationships between individual differences in situational triggers of aggressive behaviors (STAR) and the FFM personality traits. The investigation, conducted among Polish male and female offenders and students, revealed different relationships across samples. Among students, higher sensitivity to frustration and provocation was related to higher Neuroticism and lower Agreeableness and sensitivity to provoking situations to lower Openness to Experience. Among prisoners, however, lower Agreeableness was negatively linked to being more sensitive to provocation. Furthermore, the study found sex differences in STAR scales in the student sample but not the prisoners’ sample. 相似文献