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181.
近来, 教育心理学领域开始关注情绪因素对多媒体学习的影响, 其中诱发情绪逐渐成为研究者关注的指导设计形式。已有研究主要通过外部情绪诱发和内部情绪设计来考察诱发的积极情绪在学习过程中的作用, 并发现外部情绪诱发和内部情绪设计能够成功诱发积极情绪, 但由于情绪诱发方式的多样性和多媒体学习过程的复杂性, 诱发的积极情绪对学习效果的促进作用比较微弱。综述发现, 7项涉及外部情绪诱发的实验在学习结果上产生的效应量中值分别为d保持 = -0.25, d理解 = 0.04, d迁移 = 0.30; 14项涉及内部情绪设计的实验在学习结果上产生的效应量中值分别为d保持 = 0.27, d理解 = 0.36, d迁移 = 0.29。诱发的情绪对学习过程的主观体验影响很小。多媒体学习认知情感理论认为诱发的积极情绪会通过动机的中介作用进而促进学习; 相反, 认知负荷理论认为诱发的积极情绪会增加学习者的外在认知负荷从而阻碍学习。未来研究仍需关注情绪的操纵方法、效果评定以及潜在调节变量的作用等。 相似文献
182.
183.
The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a multicomponent intervention that included discrimination training, real-time visual feedback, and self-monitoring on postural behavior at a computer workstation in a simulated office environment. Using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across 8 participants, the study assessed the effects of the intervention across three postural variables. Following an information phase, the intervention started for the lowest stable postural variable. The intervention led to substantial improvements in safety behavior for most targeted postural variables. A reversal to the information phase for 2 participants did not lead to decreases in safety. Postures self-monitored with high accuracy improved to a greater degree than postures self-monitored with low accuracy. 相似文献
184.
Niro Sivanathan Daniel C. Molden Adam D. Galinsky Gillian Ku 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2008
Drawing on the motivated cognition literature, we examine how self-affirmation processes influence self-justification needs and escalation decisions. Study 1 found that individuals with a larger pool of affirmational resources (high self-esteem) reduced their escalation compared to those with fewer affirmational resources (low self-esteem). Study 2 extended these findings by demonstrating that individuals also de-escalated their commitments when they were provided an opportunity to affirm on an important value. Finally, Study 3 found that affirming on traits that were of low relevance (e.g., creativity) to an initial decision reduced escalation, but affirming on decision-relevant traits (e.g., decision-making ability) ironically increased escalation. Across three studies, using three instantiations of self-affirmations and two measures of escalation, the results highlight the potential benefits and costs of using self-affirmation as a vehicle to de-escalate commitment. 相似文献
185.
Brian K. Miller Matthew A. Rutherford Robert W. Kolodinsky 《Journal of business and psychology》2008,22(3):209-222
Organizational researchers during the past few decades have increasingly focused on the role of subjective work issues and
their impact on important worker-related outcomes. One of the most prominently studied factors, perceptions of organizational
politics, has received much recent conceptual and empirical attention. In an effort to better understand the relationship
between perceptions of organizational politics and key outcomes, we apply meta-analysis on 79 independent samples from 59
published and unpublished studies involving 25,059 individual participants. Results indicate strong negative relationships
between POP and job satisfaction and between POP and organizational commitment, moderately positive relationships between
POP and the outcomes of job stress and turnover intentions, and a non-significant relationship between POP and in-role job
performance. Moderator tests show that age, work setting (i.e., public sector or private sector), and cultural differences
(i.e., domestic sample or international sample), have contingent effects on certain POP relationships. 相似文献
186.
This paper reports the results of a two-sample study—a sample of medical reps from pharmaceutical companies (N = 232) and a sample of respondents from multiple organizations (N = 221)—of the relationships between pay satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Hypotheses were
tested using a multidimensional perspective on both pay satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results from both samples
show that the effect of pay satisfaction on intended turnover is fully mediated by affective commitment and perceived sacrifice
commitment. Pay satisfaction is also significantly related to normative commitment but the latter has no influence on the
outcome. Finally, in the sample of medical reps, pay satisfaction significantly reduces commitment based on lack of employment
alternatives, a finding that is interpreted in light of the characteristics of pay systems in pharmaceutical companies. Future
directions on compensation satisfaction and commitment research are discussed. 相似文献
187.
The current research concerns the predictors and organizational outcomes of normative commitment in Chinese companies. In Study 1, using a semi-structured interview, we identified internalization of socially oriented value and reciprocity norm as two possible predictors of normative commitment. Survey results confirm the factorial independence of these two predictors. Study 2 examined the predictive relationship of these predictors with employee job satisfaction, turnover intention, in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The results showed that value internalization predicts higher job satisfaction and weaker turnover intentions via normative commitment, whereas reciprocity predicts higher job satisfaction, weaker turnover intention, and more frequent display of OCB via normative commitment. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and management practices. 相似文献
188.
Richard Woodward 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(2):273-288
Gideon Rosen’s [1990 Modal fictionalism. Mind, 99, 327–354] Modal Fictionalist aims to secure the benefits of realism about possible-worlds, whilst avoiding commitment to the existence of any world other
than our own. Rosen [1993 A problem for fictionalism about possible worlds. Analysis, 53, 71–81] and Stuart Brock [1993 Modal fictionalism: A response to Rosen. Mind, 102, 147–150] both argue that fictionalism is self-defeating since the fictionalist is tacitly committed to the existence of
a plurality of worlds. In this paper, I develop a new strategy for the fictionalist to pursue in response to the Brock–Rosen
objection. I begin by arguing that modal fictionalism is best understood as a paraphrase strategy that concerns the propositions
that are expressed, in a given context, by modal sentences. I go on to argue that what is interesting about paraphrastic fictionalism
is that it allows the fictionalist to accept that the sentence ‘there is a plurality of worlds’ is true without thereby committing
her to the existence of a plurality of worlds. I then argue that the paraphrastic fictionalist can appeal to a form of semantic
contextualism in order to communicate her status as an anti-realist. Finally, I generalise my conception of fictionalism and
argue that Daniel Nolan and John O’Leary-Hawthorne [1996 Reflexive fictionalisms. Analysis, 56, 26–32] are wrong to suggest that the Brock-Rosen objection reveals a structural flaw with all species of fictionalism.
相似文献
Richard WoodwardEmail: |
189.
A number of recent studies have questioned the conventional view regarding the existence of income-related inequalities in
depression and have suggested that other factors have a more marked impact, most notably those socio-environmental effects
linked to professional status and educational attainment. This paper seeks to measure and decompose the degree of socio-economic
inequality in the factors underlying reported depression by drawing on data from Spain (Spanish National Health Survey, 2003),
a country in which mental care coverage is somewhat limited, but where a marked social transformation has been apparent in
recent decades. Contrary to recent evidence, our findings point towards the existence of significant income-related inequalities
in the prevalence of reported (diagnosed) depression. However, the results from our decomposition analysis are more mixed.
While a modest proportion of overall inequalities (6–13%) is accounted for by income alone, labour status, demographics and
education appear to be more relevant. However, when controlling for potential endogeneity between income and depression by
using instrumental variables (IV), income is found to account for more than 50% of overall inequality in reported depression.
相似文献
Joan Costa-FontEmail: |
190.
未来取向应对的双阶段序列模型及其时间透视机制 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
最近的研究表明, 未来取向应对对于应激管理起着不可忽视的重要作用。但预先应对和预防应对的关系及其作用机制, 一直是困扰应对研究者的重要问题。我们的前期工作显示, 序列模型比平行模型能更好地表征预先应对和预防应对的内在关系, 时间透视比威胁知觉更能解释预防应对的前因。本项目首次以时间知觉和内隐态度为切入点, 探索未来取向应对机制的理论模型。研究内容拟包括:(1)以大学生就业为情境, 构建未来取向应对的双阶段序列模型; (2)以大学生入学适应为情境, 用内隐认知充实和验证未来取向应对的序列模型; (3)用时间折扣模型的任务范式, 探讨未来取向应对不同阶段的时间透视机制:(4)用威胁性和中性的阈下面孔作情绪启动, 验证未来取向应对不同阶段的时间透视机制。本研究为发掘预先应对和预防应对的关系及其内在机制, 及基于未来取向应对的干预在心理健康和教育领域的应用奠定了基础。 相似文献