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151.
I argue that meaning or significanceper se, along with the capacity to be conscious thereof, and the values, motives and aspirations, etc. central to the constitution of our intrinsic personal identities, arise, as indeed do our extrinsic social identities, and our very self-consciousness as such, from socio-cultural structures and relations to others. However, so far from our identities and behavior therefore being determined, I argue that the capacity for critical reflection and evaluation emerge from these same structural relations, the more complex and quintessentially human aspects of our behavior being explained not in terms of responses to stimuli but as choices reflecting our evaluation of meaningful or significant alternatives. Finally I provide theoretical grounds for accepting the existence of other subjects and give a holistic, as opposed to a dialectical, account of the way individuals may challenge and change the very socio-cultural ways of relating to and interacting with others so central to constituting their capacities and identities. 相似文献
152.
Owing to intensive development of the theory of self-organization of complex systems called also synergetics, profound changes in our notions of time occur. Whereas at the beginning of the 20th century, natural sciences, by picking up the general spirit of Einstein's theory of relativity, consider a geometrization as an ideal, i.e. try to represent time and force interactions through space and the changes of its properties, nowadays, at the beginning of the 21st century, time turns to be in the focus of attention. It turns to be possible to represent space through time, because synergetics shows that historical and evolutionary stages of development of a complex structure can be found now, in its present spatial configuration. A whole series of paradoxical notions, such as “the influence of the future upon the present”, a “possibility of touching of a rather remote future today”, “availability of the past and the future now, in praesenti”, “irreversibility and elements of reversibility in the course of evolutionary processes in time”, “discrete unites, quanta of time”, appear in synergetics. 相似文献
153.
AimIn a Nepalese setting, to measure the reliability of the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) and its ability to predict development scores at 6 months.MethodsNepalese infants (n = 705) were assessed by the TIMP when they were 8–12 weeks old and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) at 6 months. Inter-rater agreement was expressed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), the internal consistency by Cronbach’s alphas and Pearson correlation coefficients. Predictive ability was estimated in linear regression models.ResultsInter-rater agreement was excellent (ICCs > 0.93). Alphas for the TIMP total scores were 0.76 for infants born to term and 0.72 in those born preterm. Correlation coefficients between TIMP total and Bayley-III subscale-scores ranged from 0.05 to 0.28 for term infants and from 0.15 to 0.43 for preterm infants. Using American norms, 56.3 % had TIMP scores within average and 43.7 % below average range. Bayley-III subscale scores were lower in children with TIMP scores below the average range, with the strongest estimates for Gross motor and Socio-emotional development.InterpretationThe reliability of the TIMP was acceptable, and the TIMP could be a feasible tool to monitor infant motor development in low-resource settings. Properties of the TIMP differed according to gestational age. 相似文献
154.
Shelly Kagan 《The Journal of Ethics》1998,2(4):277-297
According to the dominant philosophical tradition, intrinsic value must depend solely upon intrinsic properties. By appealing to various examples, however, I argue that we should at least leave open the possibility that in some cases intrinsic value may be based in part on relational properties. Indeed, I argue that we should even be open to the possibility that an object's intrinsic value may sometimes depend (in part) on its instrumental value. If this is right, of course, then the traditional contrast between intrinsic value and instrumental value is mistaken. 相似文献
155.
M. Meyer M.D. Ph.D. A. Rahmel C. Marconi B. Grassi P. Cerretelli J. E. Skinner 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(4):344-362
Recent studies of nonlinear dynamics of the long-term variability of heart rate have identified nontrivial long-range correlations
and scale-invariant power-law characteristics (1/f noise) that were remarkably consistent between individuals and were unrelated to external or environmental stimuli (Meyer
et al., 1998a). The present analysis of complex nonstationary heartbeat patterns is based on the sequential application of
the wavelet transform for elimination of local polynomial nonstationary behavior and an analytic signal approach by use of
the Hilbert transform (Cumulative Variation Amplitude Analysis). The effects of chronic high altitude hypoxia on the distributions
and scaling functions of cardiac intervals over 24 hr epochs and 4 hr day/nighttime subepochs were determined from serial
heartbeat interval time series of digitized 24 hr ambulatory ECGs recorded in 9 healthy subjects (mean age 34 yrs) at sea
level and during a sojourn at high altitude (5,050 m) for 34 days (Ev-K2-CNR Pyramid Laboratory, Sagarmatha National Park,
Nepal). The results suggest that there exists a hidden, potentially universal, common structure in the heterogeneous time
series. A common scaling function with a stable Gamma distribution defines the probability density of the amplitudes of the
fluctuations in the heartbeat interval time series of individual subjects. The appropriately rescaled distributions of normal
subjects at sea level demonstrated stable Gamma scaling consistent with a single scaled plot (data collapse). Longitudinal
assessment of the rescaled distributions of the 24 hr recordings of individual subjects showed that the stability of the distributions
was unaffected by the subject’s exposure to a hypobaric (hypoxic) environment. The rescaled distributions of 4 hr subepochs
showed similar scaling behavior with a stable Gamma distribution indicating that the common structure was unequivocally applicable
to both day and night phases and, furthermore, did not undergo systematic changes in response to high altitude. In contrast,
a single function stable over a wide range of time scales was not observed in patients with congestive heart failure or patients
after cardiac transplantation. The functional form of the scaling in normal subjects would seem to be attributable to the
underlying nonlinear dynamics of cardiac control. The results suggest that the observed Gamma scaling of the distributions
in healthy subjects constitutes an intrinsic dynamical property of normal heart function that would not undergo early readjustment
or late acclimatization to extrinsic environmental physiological stress, e.g., chronic hypoxia. 相似文献
156.
对大学生审美意识的调查分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究采用自拟问卷,调查分析了731名不同背景条件的中国大学生审美意识发展的水平和特点。结果表明:1)中国大学生能较准确地把握各种形式的美的实质,审美认知具有特殊性、多样性、丰富性、主导性及发展性等特点;2)中国大学生审美情趣的发展总体上是积极健康的,表现出层次性、倾向性、深刻性、多样性及差异性等特点。 相似文献
157.
以49名小学四年级学生和30名大学教师及研究生为实验对象,采用SMSD模式进行审美概念学习,结果发现这两组被试的审美理解和感受水平都有显著提高。对大学教师研究生组再作前审美概念(已学概念)之于后审美概念(未学概念)各因素影响情况的回归分析,得到四个回归方程,据此绘制出SMSD模式审美概念学习迁移模型图,归纳出平行迁移、纵向迁移、交叉迁移、小巡回迁移、大巡回迁移等若干逻辑线路。 相似文献
158.
本研究以小学3、5年级、初2、高2、大2年级学生共300人为被试(实验组156人;对照组154人),对审美概念实验教学前后测验结果分析表明:审美概念理解程度对于创造性思维作业成绩有显著影响,各年级都存在这种效果;总的看女生显著高于男生。审美概念理解的7个因子(概念理解流畅、释义正确、释义精确、事实迁移长度、事实迁移宽度、类词迁移长度、类词迁移宽度等)与创造性思维的两类作业(图形、语言)、6个因子(流畅、独创、精致、灵活、标题抽象、抗封闭)之间均存在显著相关;其中“类词迁移宽度”、“释义精确”、“类词迁移长度”等三个因素对创造性思维作业总成绩影响显著。 相似文献
159.
Charles Marc Pomerat 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(1):16-33
The Investment Model (IM; Rusbult, 1980, 1983) has been widely used to study the development and maintenance of romantic relationships. Its components—satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment size and commitment—are operationalized in the Investment Model Scale (IMS; Rusbult, Martz, &; Agnew, 1998). Given its importance for personal relationships literature, this article presents the adaptation and validation of the IMS to Portugal, and the development and validation of a shorter version, the IMS-S. A confirmatory factor analysis replicates the IMS's original four factors structure. A similar structure was found for the IMS-S. For both versions, results show the instruments to have validity and good reliability. Results are discussed considering the scales’ importance for studying romantic relationships. 相似文献
160.
Alexis Burgess 《Metaphilosophy》2012,43(3):221-234
There are statements of the form “There are no Fs” that we would like to count as true, yet it is hard to see how they could be true (at least, operating within the semantic framework of structured propositions). The relevant Fs are general terms that we take to be semantically fundamental or primitive, especially those native to metaphysical discourse. A case can be made the problem is no less difficult than the corresponding problem for singular terms. 相似文献