Formation of yittrium oxide in cemented carbides

Rare-earth (RE) elements are helpful in improving the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. In this work, the formation of Y₂O₃ in functionally graded cemented carbides is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Y₂O₃ can stabilize the Co phase with the face-centred cubic structure (α-Co), since it has a cubic structure similar to the high-temperature Co phase. The α-Co phase has a higher plasticity than ε-Co, and this suggests a possible mechanism for the role of RE elements in toughening cemented carbides.     

Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire (PIQ) and its relation to aggression

Patients with schizophrenia and a violent past more often have persecutory delusions than other types of delusions. The main aim of the present study was to examine the relation between persecutory ideation and self-reported aggression in a community based and clinical population. A second aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire (PIQ; McKay, Langdon, & Coltheart, 2006). From the general population, 269 persons were included as well as 79 inpatients from different psychiatric facilities. In the community based sample, the PIQ appeared to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure persecutory ideation. Evaluation of the PIQ in a sample with patients with a psychotic disorder showed that the PIQ had good criterion validity. In addition, results showed that persecutory ideation was significantly related to self-reported aggression in the community based, and in the clinical sample. Moreover, in the community based sample, this association was higher than that between positive psychopathological experiences in general and aggression in the community based sample. In sum, persecutory ideation can be measured reliably with the PIQ, and there seems a robust relation between persecutory ideation in particular and aggression in both clinical and community based samples.     

Aesthetic judgements and motivation

Are aesthetic judgements cognitive, belief-like states or non-cognitive, desire-like states? There have been a number of attempts in recent years to evaluate the plausibility of a non-cognitivist theory of aesthetic judgements. These attempts borrow heavily from non-cognitivism in metaethics. One argument that is used to support metaethical non-cognitivism is the argument from Motivational Judgement Internalism. It is claimed that accepting this view, together with a plausible theory of motivation, pushes us towards accepting non-cognitivism. A tempting option, then, for those wishing to defend aesthetic non-cognitivism, would be to appeal to a similar argument. However, both Caj Strandberg and Walter Sinnott-Armstong have argued that Internalism is a less plausible claim to make about aesthetic judgements than about moral judgements by raising objections against aesthetic internalism. In this paper, I will argue that both of these objections can be raised against internalism about moral judgements as well. As a result, internalism is no less plausible a claim to make about aesthetic judgements than about moral judgements. I will then show how a theory of internalism about normative judgements in general is capable of avoiding both of these objections.     

Kant on animal and human pleasure

Feeling, for any animal, is a faculty of comparing objects or representations with regard to whether they promote its vital powers (pleasure) or hinder them (displeasure). But whereas these comparisons presuppose a species-concept in non-rational animals, nature has not equipped the human being with a universal principle or life-form that would determine what agrees or disagrees with it. As humans, we must determine our mode of life for ourselves. Contrary to other interpretations, I argue that this places the human capacity for pleasure and displeasure outside of nature and in a realm of spirit.     

相对到达时间任务中飞行员对客体特征与运动特征的分离

相对到达时间任务(RAT)是判断两个运动客体哪个先到达指定目标, 可用来评估个体动态空间能力。采用RAT任务对飞行员与普通被试进行对照研究, 寻求发现两组在运动客体特征和视觉空间运动特征及其相互关系上的处理差异。设计了3个实验分别考察客体颜色、客体大小、运动方向、速率大小、视线方向以及背景特征对判断的影响。结果显示：(1)客体颜色不影响运动客体的相对时间判断, 客体大小、运动方向、速率大小、视线方向以及背景特征影响判断; (2)控制组对显示屏上从左到右的运动客体的相对时间判断好于从右到左任务, 大速率任务判断更好, 对大客体快速行驶而小客体低速行驶时的相对到达时间更易区分, 且与两眼视线方向不一致的运动方向会使控制组判断更难, 运动背景中的目标线特征改变使控制组判断绩效降低; (3)和控制组比, 飞行员反应快正确率高, 其快速判断优势集中体现在从右到左运动以及小速率任务上, 且在不同运动方向和不同速率上的反应时均无差异, 飞行员的处理优势还表现在不受客体大小、视线方向改变和目标线特征改变的影响。结论：飞行员能在变化的空间中准确处理相对速度、相对距离、相对时间等运动信息, 能分离客体大小、背景、运动方向等因素对相对到达时间判断的影响, 在运动空间中飞行员具有较高场独立性认知特征和动态空间处理能力。     

我国整形美容外科及医学美容技术发展的辩证思考

整形美容事业的飞速发展带来了一些问题。回顾历史,整形美容外科及医学美容技术的发展是在实践、认识,再实践、再认识的过程中不断发展的;但发展过快并非好事,作为整形美容外科医生,在工作当中必须坚持一切从实际出发,辩证地认识问题,解决问题,使整形美容外科及医学美容技术保持良好的发展势头,更好地为患者服务。     

论《周易》之“观”的审美特征

"观"在《周易》中占有重要地位,它不仅是一种认识活动,更是一种审美活动。在艺术上,观物取象的思维方式和仰观俯察的审美观照方式对艺术欣赏和创作影响深远,同时又是一种道德完善和理想人格的修养过程。另外,在"观"中还体现了尽善尽美、天人合一的理想境界。这些都对中国美学产生了深远的影响。     

“象舞”初探

本文对周初之"象舞"的产生及其影响进行了初步的分析与梳理。作者从对"象"的文字训诂入手,分析了在中华民族文明发展的滥觞期,汉字、《易》和原始舞蹈的创生过程中,"象"作为早期先民的一种模仿、象形的交流、互动的信息传递手段,发挥着不可或缺的沟通载体作用。对"象舞"在华夏舞蹈史发展过程中的承先启后的历史地位,本文也进行了梳理,肯定了其审美主体意识的自觉与回归、启动了舞蹈世俗化、人性化、规范化、社会化的艺术进程的重要作用。     

论美容医学专业教育的体系结构

我国美容医学专业教育体系于20世纪90年代初期建立并日趋成熟。论述五年制美容医学、三年制美容医疗技术两个专业方向的培养目标与课程设置,对促进美容医学教育事业的发展具有极其重要的意义。     

郭店竹简《性自命出》之音乐美学论

《性自命出》为郭店楚简中一篇颇为重要的先秦儒家佚籍,篇中有论及音乐之源起、音乐之功能、音乐之宗旨等方面的内容,语焉不详,却与《乐记》等经典著作表现出既有相同,也有相异之处的音乐美学观念,对审视儒家音乐美学思想,具有一定的意义。