A Typology of Youth Participation and Empowerment for Child and Adolescent Health Promotion

Research suggests that increasing egalitarian relations between young people and adults is optimal for healthy development; however, the empirical assessment of shared control in youth–adult partnerships is emerging, and the field still requires careful observation, identification, categorization and labeling. Thus, our objective is to offer a conceptual typology that identifies degrees of youth–adult participation while considering the development potential within each type. We use an empowerment framework, rooted in evidence-based findings, to identify five types of youth participation: (1) Vessel, (2) Symbolic, (3) Pluralistic, (4) Independent and (5) Autonomous. The typology is constructed as a heuristic device to provide researchers, practitioners and policy-makers with a common language for articulating degrees of youth participation for optimal child and adolescent health promotion.     

From glamour-oriented idolatry to achievement-oriented idolatry: A framing experiment among adolescents in Hong Kong and Shenzhen

The present study examined the framing effect of two modes of idolatry among a sample of 1095 secondary school students in Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Two experimental conditions were set up: in the glamour frame condition, subjects were exposed to frames that enhanced perfection and mystification of idols' personal or ideological characteristics; in the achievement frame condition, subjects were exposed to frames that enhanced emulation and identification of idols' pro-social behaviours or desirable dispositional traits. The experiment selected a prominent pop music and movie star well known in Chinese societies, Andy Lau, as the target idol. Subjects showed a consistently and significantly greater desire to glorify, idealize, identify with, emulate, and attach to Andy Lau in the achievement frame condition than in the glamour frame condition. The finding suggests that an achievement frame can heighten young people's adoration of an idol by emphasizing the idol's achievement processes. This suggestion is favourable to the possibility of transforming an idol into a role model for young people to learn to pursue career success.     

青少年创伤后心理反应的影响机制及其干预研究

汶川地震后青少年的心理反应受到社会的普遍关注。本文作者及其团队对汶川地震后青少年的心理反应进行了为期6年的研究,以期为震后青少年的心理恢复和发展提供帮助。本文主要介绍了6年来本团队在创伤后心理反应的理论分析、青少年创伤后心理反应的状况及其相互关系、影响因素及其机制、干预策略等方面所进行的探索,较为全面地阐述了创伤后青少年主要的心理反应及其研究的理论基础,概括了青少年创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和创伤后成长的状况及其发展趋势,深入分析了影响青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的影响机制,提出了针对创伤后青少年的心理干预策略,并探究了未来研究需要关注的内容。     

Clinical and Non-Clinical Characteristics Associated with Medication Use Among Children with Serious Emotional Disturbance

Our study explores the clinical and non-clinical characteristics associated with medication use among children with serious emotional disturbance who are referred into community-based family-driven system of care settings. Using data collected as part of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program initiative, our study provides results from analyses completed on 7,009 children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance. Using both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses, the researchers found that females entering systems of care were less likely to have received medication in the 6-months prior to entry, as were children of African-American and Native-American heritage compared to children from non-Hispanic White heritage. Children referred from mental health, child welfare or who were self-referred were more likely to use medications than those referred from juvenile justice. Children with histories of prior inpatient, outpatient, day treatment, or school-based services were between 2 and 4 times more likely to use medications than children without such histories. Children with family histories of mental illness and those who were Medicaid recipients were also more likely to use medications. Family income was also positively related to medication use and younger children were more likely to use medications than older children. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Adolescent personality,problem behaviour and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship

The relationship between adolescent personality and problem behaviour has been well established. However, relatively little attention has been given to the role of the social environment in the association between adolescent personality and problem behaviour. We tested the mediating and moderating role of the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship in the associations between adolescents' personality traits and problem behaviour. The sample consisted of 140 adolescents (11 to 18 years of age) and both their parents. Results supported a mediating role of the father/mother–adolescent relationship in the associations between Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness and externalizing problem behaviour. The father/mother–adolescent relationships did not mediate the associations between personality traits and internalizing problem behaviour. We also found support for a moderating role of the father/mother–adolescent relationships in the association between Emotional Stability and both externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours. Other moderated effects were specific for parent, personality trait and type of problem behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青少年学校满意度发展特点及其对学校归属感的预测

采用问卷法对1093名青少年进行调查,考察了青少年学校满意度的特点及学校满意度对学校归属感的预测。结果发现:1)青少年在学校满意度六个维度的均值排列顺序由高到低依次为:同学关系、师生关系、教学、学校管理、成就、课业学习。2)不同性别、年级、学习成绩的青少年在学校满意度各维度上的满意情况不同。3)青少年学校满意度和学校归属感紧密相关。年级、学习成绩、学校满意度均对学校归属感具有显著预测作用。     

青少年民族认同的发展特点及影响因素

民族认同是一个终生动态发展的过程。青少年的民族认同影响到民族文化的传承和发展,而且民族认同和文化适应、心理健康、人格发展、亲社会行为等紧密相关。本研究选取1328名11～20岁的青少年为被试,探求青少年民族认同（包括对本民族认同和中华民族认同）在不同年龄阶段的特点,发现20岁是青少年认同的关键时期,母亲的受教育程度等对民族认同有显著影响作用。     

中学生人际关系发展特点的研究

本研究选取北京、河南、重庆、杭州、新疆五地的11743名从初一到高三中学生作为被试,采用《人际关系量表》,从与异性关系、同性关系、父母关系、教师关系、陌生人关系五个方面对中学生人际关系状况和发展特点做了测查.研究结果表明:(1)中学生人际交往水平从初一到初二明显下降,初三时有大幅度的攀升,高中阶段保持在一个较高的水平上.女生的人际交往水平高于男生.(2)中学生与同伴交往水平较高,与异性同伴的关系要好于与同性同伴的关系;中学生与成人交往水平较低,与陌生成人的关系要好于与父母和教师的关系.(4)初二到初三女生与异性同伴交往水平迅速提高,初三后保持稳定;初二到高一男生与异性同伴交往水平迅速提高,高二后保持稳定;初三到高一,中学生与同性伙伴的交往水平明显提升.(5)初一到初二,中学生与父母和教师的交往水平显著下降,高中生与父母的关系有所改善,但与教师的关系一直处于较低的水平上.随年龄增长,男生与陌生人的交往水平逐渐提高,女生与陌生人的交往发展波动较大,初三和高三水平较高,初二和高一水平较低.     

The Social Contextual Approach and Rural Adolescent Substance Use: Implications for Prevention in Rural Settings

Adolescents in rural areas use substances at rates comparable to urban adolescents; understanding causes of rural adolescent substance use is critical if prevention efforts are to succeed. The present review has three primary goals: (1) to define rural, (2) to evaluate the empirical evidence regarding correlates and causes of rural adolescent substance use from a social contextual framework (L. V. Scaramella, R. D. Conger, R. Spoth, & R. L. Simons, in press), and (3) to discuss the malleability of theoretically based risk or protective factors in rural settings. The review concludes with a discussion of the difficulties and challenges of implementing prevention programs in rural areas.