Borderline personality disorder and externalizing disorders are associated with suicide-related behaviors. The present study
examined whether symptoms of borderline personality disorder mediate the relationship between externalizing disorders and
suicide-related behaviors. Diagnostic interviews were administered to 344 participants (n = 233 women). Results indicated that symptoms of antisocial personality disorder, alcohol use disorders, and drug use disorders
each were significantly associated with suicide threats and self-injurious behavior in women and symptoms of antisocial personality
disorder were associated with suicide attempts in women. With the exception of the association between symptoms of alcohol
dependence and self-injurious behaviors, borderline personality disorder symptoms mediated or partially mediated all associations
between externalizing disorders and suicide-related behaviors in women. These results highlight the importance of assessment
and treatment of borderline personality disorder symptoms in individuals with externalizing disorders, particularly in the
presence of suicide-related behaviors.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy with the combination of cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy on decreasing the excessiveness of pathological worry and increasing happiness of the individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.
Method: The sample consisted of 36 female undergraduate students who referred themselves to the Isfahan University Counseling Center and met the criteria for GAD. They were randomly assigned into three groups; namely, two experimental groups and one control group. Before receiving the interventions all of the groups completed Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory. One of the experimental groups underwent cognitive behavior therapy and the other one received the integration of cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy. The control group received no intervention.
Result: The statistical analyses indicated that the differences between the CBT and CBT+ IPT groups on excessive worry and happiness in the post tests were not significant. But significant mean differences were observed in the follow-ups regarding pathological worry and happiness between two groups.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the integration of cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy can be applied as an effective intervention for decreasing the rate of GADs’ relapses after cognitive behavior therapy. 相似文献
We examined the association between maternal psychological distress during offspring’s early development and offspring’s later
distress in adulthood, as well as the influence of maternal characteristics at offspring’s birth and offspring’s characteristics
in adulthood on distress. Data were obtained from the British Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of children born in a one-week
period in 1970. Children were followed up multiple times from birth through to age 30. Results indicate that greater symptoms
of maternal psychological distress during offspring’s early childhood are associated with greater symptoms of distress in
adult offspring. A large component of this association is indirect, occurring through mother’s distress in later childhood
and offspring’s problem behavior during adolescence. Findings that the association between maternal and offspring’s distress
is more indirect than direct support arguments that early maternal distress has long-term consequences for offspring. 相似文献
Our study explores the clinical and non-clinical characteristics associated with medication use among children with serious
emotional disturbance who are referred into community-based family-driven system of care settings. Using data collected as
part of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program initiative, our study provides
results from analyses completed on 7,009 children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance. Using both bivariate
and multivariate statistical analyses, the researchers found that females entering systems of care were less likely to have
received medication in the 6-months prior to entry, as were children of African-American and Native-American heritage compared
to children from non-Hispanic White heritage. Children referred from mental health, child welfare or who were self-referred
were more likely to use medications than those referred from juvenile justice. Children with histories of prior inpatient,
outpatient, day treatment, or school-based services were between 2 and 4 times more likely to use medications than children
without such histories. Children with family histories of mental illness and those who were Medicaid recipients were also
more likely to use medications. Family income was also positively related to medication use and younger children were more
likely to use medications than older children. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
This paper focuses on modeling and predicting the influence of a vehicle’s velocity and the relative position between a driver’s vehicle and a vehicle to the front or rear on the onset of driver preparations for making a right turn at an intersection. Repeated experiments were carried out on a public road to measure driver preparations, including releasing the accelerator pedal, moving the right foot to cover the brake pedal, and activating the turn signal, as well as to record vehicle velocity and the relative distances to the leading and following vehicles. Structural equation modeling was applied to estimate these relationships quantitatively. Two separate latent variables accounting for the interaction between the driver’s vehicle and leading or following vehicles, and the onset point where driving behavior changes from straight mode to preparation mode before a right turn, were introduced in the specification of the structural equation model. The model estimates and testing indicate that the proposed structural equation model represents well the relationship hypothesized by observational analysis: that the vehicle velocity and the traffic conditions surrounding the driver’s vehicle strongly influence the driver’s deceleration and more weakly influenced turn signal activation. The proposed structural equation model contributes to the prediction of the onset locations of covering the brake pedal and activating the turn signal based on the vehicle velocity and the relative distances to the front and rear vehicles when the accelerator pedal is released. The prediction accuracy is high compared with predictions in which the vehicle velocity and the headway or rear distances are not taken into account or predictions using a single regression model with one independent variable, namely driving speed. Finally, a possible new addition to in-vehicle navigation systems that detects unusual driver behavior by predicting the driver’s preparatory maneuvers is discussed. 相似文献
Behavior analysis has been thriving by continuing to make important theoretical and empirical contributions to a wide array of problems, as well as by contributing to interdisciplinary research. Applied research in behavior analysis is flourishing. Despite these positive signs there may be an erosion of support for basic research in animal learning and behavior, including behavior analysis. Increased attention by behavior analysts to fundamental problems in areas of cognition, including decision-making and language, may help behavior analysis to evolve more successfully. An experimental analysis of gambling may prove particularly fruitful. 相似文献
This fascinating autobiography and multifaceted case history in neuroscience research is accessible to laymen and potentially instructive to working scientists. Kandel takes the reader through his thought processes as he describes experiments that led to some of the past decades'' major neuroscience discoveries (some highlights of which are summarized in the review''s Appendix), and eventually to his Nobel Prize. The review analyzes some of the terminological and conceptual issues that have often inhibited communication between behavior analysts and neuroscientists, with special attention to some of Bennett and Hacker''s admonitions viewed from the perspective of language evolution and linguistics. The review then discusses opportunities for behavior analysts to collaborate with neuroscientists by applying behavioral contingency analysis to help specify the independent variables of neuroscience experiments described by Kandel. Finally, it examines Kandel''s provocative heuristics for locating important research problems, and the lessons that can be gleaned from the book regarding the attributes of potentially great achievers. 相似文献